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number of items: 20
total items: 249
item list element: Student Debt Relief Applications Now Available for US Citizens
item list element: 2022 Nobel Prize in Economics - The Winners
item list element: Econometrics and Statistical Software
item list element: The INOMICS Questionnaire: Fratzscher vs Tooze
item list element: The Economics of Settlers of Catan
item list element: COVID-19 and the Economists’ Redemption
item list element: The INOMICS Awards 2022
item list element: The Value of Nature’s Services to Modern Economies
item list element: The Life of Rational Economic Man
item list element: The 'Recipe With No Ingredients' in Macroeconomics Textbooks
item list element: Solidarity with Ukraine, ways to help and assisting international students fleeing war
item list element: What is Supply-side Economics?
item list element: 10 Movies All Economists Will Love
item list element: The Anxiety Epidemic
item list element: Countries with the Highest Salaries for Economists
item list element: The Case for Community Wealth Building
item list element: Preventing the Death of UK High Streets
item list element: The Problems With Development Aid
item list element: A Critique of Neoliberalism
item list element: Were We Ready for Brexit?
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Student Debt Relief Applications Now Available for US Citizens
type: Article
title: Student Debt Relief Applications Now Available for US Citizens
description: To qualify for the debt relief, applicants must have an annual income less than $125,000. Borrowers who received a Pell Grant are additionally eligible for another $10,000, for a total possible relief amount of $20,000 (Pell Grants are a type of need-based aid reserved for low-income students in the US). The applications are available in English and Spanish, and are notably simple and easy to complete. The information required to apply for the forgiveness is mainly simple demographic information, and takes only a few minutes. Applicants will not have to dig up obscure documents, find original certificates, or even provide banking information. As such, we recommend that any readers from the United States with outstanding student loan debt complete the application. It can be found at the US Department of Education’s Federal Student Aid office’s website (StudentAid.gov), until applications close on December 31, 2023. Eligible borrowers living abroad have reported difficulty submitting the application, as the official government website appears to deny access to the application on devices outside the United States. If you are experiencing similar issues, using a VPN to submit the application appears to work. Alternatively, the application is simple enough to allow a friend or relative in the US to submit the application in your stead, though you must provide valid contact information. Student loan repayments were originally suspended during the COVID-19 pandemic, due to the economic uncertainty that the pandemic wrought. This suspension has been repeatedly extended by the federal government in the time since. It is unclear if the debt relief will be available for borrowers by the time payments are scheduled to resume. Arguments for and against the debt relief Sentiments about the student loan forgiveness are mixed. Proponents of the plan say that it is a step in the right direction to alleviate the massive amounts of federal student loan debt that plague US consumers. A…
disambiguating description: In late August 2022, US President Joe Biden fulfilled a campaign promise by announcing that the government would be providing US citizens with student loan debt-relief. US citizens can apply for up to $10,000 in debt cancellation via this loan forgiveness program. On October 17th, 2022, the US Department of Education opened up applications on StudentAid.gov.
date posted: 2022-11-24T10:47:57Z
date modified: 2026-07-03T10:59:10Z
employment type: onsite
language: en
keywords: Loan forgiveness
keywords: United States
keywords: Student Debt
keywords: Joe Biden
keywords: Sean McClung
keywords: Student debt relief
type: blog
disciplines: politics
disciplines: publiceconomicspolicy
disciplines: economics
disciplines: socialscience
disciplines: generaleconomics
disciplines: finance
discipline labels: Politics
discipline labels: Public Economics & Economic Policy (JEL H)
discipline labels: Economics
discipline labels: Economics and Social Sciences
discipline labels: General Economics (JEL A)
discipline labels: Finance

2022 Nobel Prize in Economics - The Winners
type: Article
title: 2022 Nobel Prize in Economics - The Winners
description: This article gives an overview of the work that won these economists the Prize, and a brief bio for each economist. You can read more about the reasoning behind the awarding of the Prize from the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences’ press release page. The Research that Won This Year’s Prize Diamond and Dybvig conducted research that illuminated the role of banks as intermediaries. Their groundbreaking paper published in the Journal of Political Economy in 1983 develops the Diamond-Dybvig model, which is widely cited and still in use today. Banks have a unique role in the economy; consumers save their money in banks for safekeeping, and to grow their wealth. At the same time, borrowers want to use this money to build, invest, and otherwise fuel their economic activity. Banks use consumers’ savings to become lenders to these borrowers. Diamond and Dybvig’s research showed that banks are the optimal way for the economy to carefully balance the needs of savers (or lenders) and borrowers. Diamond additionally argued that this position makes banks the best entity in the economy to assess creditworthiness of borrowers, and thus to make decisions about which investments are good enough to invest society’s money into. Problems for a bank can arise when savings are demanded back by the lenders who need their money for an unexpected circumstance; banks do not actually hold all of their reserves in liquid form. A bank run occurs when too many consumers demand their money back from the bank than it is currently holding. This can cause a bank to fail. Ben Bernanke, in his analysis of the Great Depression of the 1930s, showed that bank runs were an important reason that the Depression grew so severe. One key reason for this is that when banks fail, the information they contain about consumers’ creditworthiness can be lost. This information loss makes it more difficult for society to allocate savings to the best investment opportunities, limiting opportunities for economic growth. A…
disambiguating description: The prestigious 2022 Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel, better known as the Nobel Prize for Economics, has been awarded to three American economists: Ben S. Bernanke, Douglas W. Diamond, and Philip H. Dybvig. The prize, awarded by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, was given to these economists for their contributions to “research on banks and financial crises”. The Prize notes that these three economists laid the groundwork for this research in the early 1980s.
date posted: 2022-10-13T09:34:50Z
date modified: 2026-07-03T11:02:38Z
employment type: onsite
language: en
keywords: Ben Bernanke
keywords: Nobel Prize
keywords: Philip Dybvig
keywords: Sean McClung
keywords: Douglas Diamond
keywords: Nobel Prize in Economics
type: blog
disciplines: economics
disciplines: socialscience
disciplines: generaleconomics
discipline labels: Economics
discipline labels: Economics and Social Sciences
discipline labels: General Economics (JEL A)

Econometrics and Statistical Software
type: Article
title: Econometrics and Statistical Software
description: Broadly speaking, there are two types of software: proprietary and open source. Some people and organizations choose to use proprietary packages, which are developed and copyrighted by a single company. Others rely on free, open source solutions, like the popular “R” Project. Within these two categories, there are dozens if not hundreds of alternatives, varying in price, complexity, capability, user-friendliness and popularity. This post by Bob Muenchen is a great resource if you are looking for a survey of the most popular packages. He uses a number of different measures to evaluate different software options and keeps it up to date. Note that this survey is for data science in general - not just economics. That said, all of the common software used in economics are represented - like Python, R, Stata, SAS, SPSS, MATLAB, and more. That’s quite the list of names, and it can sound intimidating. To help you understand the software tools landscape, in this article we will shed some light on the most popular software packages for economists, and offer some details about how you can learn more about them. 1) Which software should I use? Before buying a package or downloading an open-source option, it is a good idea to talk to colleagues, visit online forums or communities related to each product of interest, examine your course curricula if you’re a student, and take advantage of free trials. It is also important to consider your own abilities and/or the level of expertise available within your team (if applicable). If there are several software packages that meet your needs, options with better support may save you time and stress in the long term. That said, students of economics may tend to focus on the major open-source, non-proprietary tools in their studies; many courses use open-source tools to teach. Python and R are two examples. R is used very often by economists. Python, meanwhile, is used somewhat less often in economics, but is used frequently in data scienc…
disambiguating description: Economists very often work with statistical software that is used to build economic models and conduct econometric analyses. Learning to work with and analyze data is thus an essential skill for young economists. To be competitive as an economist in the job market, demonstrable skills and experience using some of the popular analysis and forecasting software environments are a must.
date posted: 2013-08-13T22:00:00Z
date modified: 2026-06-25T13:24:00Z
language: en
keywords: R
keywords: economics
keywords: data analysis
keywords: econometrics
keywords: software
keywords: STATA
keywords: SPSS
keywords: MATLAB
keywords: statistics
keywords: Python
type: blog
disciplines: mathematics
disciplines: civilengineering
disciplines: softwaredevelopment
disciplines: physics
disciplines: earthscience
disciplines: materialsmetallurgicalengineering
disciplines: chemicalengineering
disciplines: electricalelectronicsengineering
disciplines: chemistry
disciplines: engineeringbusiness
disciplines: generalengineering
disciplines: socialscience
disciplines: business
disciplines: environmentalenergyengineering
disciplines: datascience
disciplines: informatics
disciplines: astronomy
disciplines: engineeringdesign
disciplines: marketing
disciplines: economics
disciplines: management
disciplines: econometricsstatisticsquantitative
disciplines: mechanicalengineering
disciplines: statistics
disciplines: biotech
discipline labels: Mathematics
discipline labels: Civil Engineering
discipline labels: Software Development
discipline labels: Physics
discipline labels: Earth Science
discipline labels: Materials & Metallurgical Engineering
discipline labels: Chemical Engineering
discipline labels: Electrical & Electronics Engineering
discipline labels: Chemistry
discipline labels: Engineering & Business
discipline labels: General Engineering
discipline labels: Economics and Social Sciences
discipline labels: Business
discipline labels: Environmental & Energy Engineering
discipline labels: Data Science
discipline labels: Computer Science
discipline labels: Astronomy
discipline labels: Engineering Design
discipline labels: Marketing
discipline labels: Economics
discipline labels: Management
discipline labels: Econometrics, Statistics and Quantitative Methods (JEL C)
discipline labels: Mechanical Engineering
discipline labels: Statistics
discipline labels: Biotech / Biomedical Engineering

The INOMICS Questionnaire: Fratzscher vs Tooze
type: Article
title: The INOMICS Questionnaire: Fratzscher vs Tooze
description: The titular economic historian, Adam Tooze, was born in London, spending parts of his childhood in England and in Heidelberg, Germany. He earned his BA in Economics from King’s College Cambridge in 1989, and then began his postgraduate studies in Berlin. He received his PhD from the London School of Economics in 1996. From then until 2009, Adam taught at the University of Cambridge. He was then appointed to the Barton M. Biggs Professorship at Yale University. Adam joined his current position in Columbia University’s history department in the summer of 2015. He is well-known for his economic histories (including The Wages of Destruction) which have won him several awards, including the Wolfson History Prize and the Lionel Gelber Prize. Marcel Fratzscher: What is your favorite place on earth? Adam Tooze: I thrive on the intensity and hustle of New York City. I love the cultural density of Europe. But my favorite place right now is a lagoon - “The Cut” - between two of the outer islands of the Abacos in the Bahamas. It’s an extraordinary place. Ravishingly beautiful. Creole. Wild. A bit dangerous. The infrastructure is fragile. Sharks and barracudas in the water. Extreme weather. The historic hurricane Dorian which made landfall on the islands on 1-2 September 2019 wiped out the homes of practically everyone else on the island, including a cottage we called our own. We have rebuilt a house in its place. MF: Outside of economics, what occupation would you have if you could be absolutely anything? AT: I left economics to become a historian. So that is part of my answer. As a boy I wanted to be a mechanical engineer. If I had the talent I would wish to be a visual artist. MF: What is the virtue you appreciate the most? AT: Sincerity. MF: Your all-time favorite figure in economics? AT: John Maynard Keynes. MF: Your # 1 economics blog? AT: In the new substack universe it is Matt Klein’s Overshoot. Amongst the earlier generations of blogs Timothy Taylor’s Conversable Econom…
disambiguating description: The following article first appeared in the INOMICS Handbook 2022. Download the INOMICS Handbook Professor Marcel Fratzscher, esteemed macroeconomist and president of the DIW Berlin, once again asks questions about economics and life in general to a peer in the 2022 edition of the INOMICS Handbook Questionnaire. This time, he has the pleasure of being joined by renowned economic historian Adam Tooze, who generously agreed to take the hot seat in this exchange. Thus, the back-and-forth has been dubbed Fratzscher vs. Tooze, as is tradition. What follows is a dive into the beauty of wild places, the gender bias still present in economics, the link between policy makers and central banks, the limits of the search for perfect causality in the social sciences, and even more. Tooze’s perspective is unique and fresh, and is sure to be an interesting read you won’t want to miss.
date posted: 2022-06-27T04:00:00Z
date modified: 2026-07-03T11:49:08Z
employment type: onsite
language: en
keywords: INOMICS Questionnaire
keywords: Adam Tooze
keywords: Marcel Fratzscher
type: blog
disciplines: economics
disciplines: socialscience
disciplines: generaleconomics
disciplines: economicthoughtmethodology
discipline labels: Economics
discipline labels: Economics and Social Sciences
discipline labels: General Economics (JEL A)
discipline labels: Economic Thought & Methodology (JEL B)

The Economics of Settlers of Catan
type: Article
title: The Economics of Settlers of Catan
description: The game is an interesting one from an economics standpoint, since players must collect and trade resources, invest in the growth of their own miniature economy, barter with others, and make decisions about trade-offs and opportunity costs at every turn. In Catan, the person who builds the most efficient and fastest-growing economy almost always wins. In this article, I aim to shed some light on the economics of Settlers of Catan, and show how it reflects some economics principles and real-world concepts. Without further ado, let’s dive in. The Foundations of a Productive Economy In Catan, resources are gained by a roll of two six-sided dice each turn. This means that possible numbers rolled are between 2 and 12, with the number 7 being the most likely. On the board, each resource tile has a number from 2 to 12 on it (except 7 – more on that later), and when that number is rolled, every settlement touching that tile gets one resource from it. Cities get two. Clearly, it is better to get your settlements and cities on the more commonly rolled numbers. On average this will yield more resources, putting you at an advantage ceteris paribus. Those tiles with more likely numbers represent land that is more productive. In the real world, especially for developing economies, concentrating production on the most productive land is also the best way to build the foundation for a healthy economy. Often, this means early cities developed along waterways and in areas with productive soil for agriculture. But, sheer productivity isn’t everything in life or Catan. Some resources are more valuable than others, and the opportunity cost of each one changes depending on the game and your particular economy. In Catan, you need brick and wood to build roads, which let you expand and build more settlements in new places. Settlements cost a brick, wood, wheat, and sheep to build, and they allow you to collect more resources when a resource tile they touch has its number rolled. Expanding …
disambiguating description: Klaus Teuber’s Settlers of Catan is a popular board game that has become a mainstay of friendly gatherings across the globe. For the uninitiated, in Catan up to 4 players compete to be the first one with 10 victory points. Points are gained by building houses (“settlements”), cities, and roads on a heretofore unsettled island rife with natural resources. Catan has nearly limitless replay value - with 3,695,814,682,560,000 (over 3 quadrillion!) different unique board layouts using just the base rules. Chances are, you’ve heard of Catan even if you don’t particularly love board games.
date posted: 2022-08-05T08:24:29Z
date modified: 2026-07-03T11:55:10Z
employment type: onsite
language: en
keywords: the economics of settlers of catan
keywords: game theory
keywords: Sean McClung
keywords: Settlers of Catan
keywords: economics of games
type: blog
disciplines: economics
disciplines: socialscience
disciplines: generaleconomics
discipline labels: Economics
discipline labels: Economics and Social Sciences
discipline labels: General Economics (JEL A)

COVID-19 and the Economists’ Redemption
type: Article
title: COVID-19 and the Economists’ Redemption
description: In summary, your majesty, the failure to foresee the timing, extent and severity of the crisis and to head it off, while it had many causes, was principally a failure of the collective imagination of many bright people, both in this country and internationally, to understand the risks to the system as a whole. Throughout the subsequent decade, economists sought to repair the reputational damage to their profession. These experts in self-interest had recognized a need to restore public confidence in their work. Economists took it upon themselves to engage in public debate and entire economics curricula were redesigned. Many set out to broaden their horizons through interdisciplinary work with other scientists, something that had hitherto been less common in economics than other social sciences (see figure 1). However, despite these endeavors, general attitudes toward economists were little changed. In the United Kingdom, a majority of voters chose to leave the European Union, disregarding the broad consensus among economists that it was going to do them material harm. According to a YouGov poll taken in 2017, economists were among the least trusted of a selection of “experts”, with only politicians faring worse (see figure 2). In fact, a shortage of trust in economists is nothing particularly new. As far back as 1925, Frank Fetter wrote in the American Economic Review about the relationship between economists and the public, stating, Academic economists incur popular distrust because they are supposed to echo and reflect the opinions of the business world, while business distrusts them as dangerous radicals because they refuse to worship at the altar of Mammon. As with their lack of foresight prior to the financial crisis of 2008/09, few, if any, economists saw the coming of COVID-19. The economic impact of the pandemic is huge. Yet since its primary cause is biological, there has been less finger-pointing at economists this time round. On the contrary, the wide-rang…
disambiguating description: The following article first appeared in the INOMICS Handbook 2021. Download the INOMICS Handbook On a visit to the London School of Economics in November 2008, the Queen asked her hosts why no one had seen the financial crisis coming. It took the professors nine months to come up with an excuse, put forth in a letter in July 2009:
date posted: 2022-05-16T15:37:46Z
date modified: 2026-07-03T11:56:59Z
employment type: onsite
language: en
keywords: Covid-19
keywords: Tom McKenzie
keywords: economists
type: blog
disciplines: politics
disciplines: economics
disciplines: socialscience
disciplines: generaleconomics
discipline labels: Politics
discipline labels: Economics
discipline labels: Economics and Social Sciences
discipline labels: General Economics (JEL A)

The INOMICS Awards 2022
type: Article
title: The INOMICS Awards 2022
description: Based on aggregating the total interest in offers publicized on INOMICS during the previous year (see methodology) winners were chosen across 7 different categories. In each category, we identify the Top 3 institutions as well as those in the Top 20, listed in no particular order. The awards (past awards) hope to acknowledge the universities, research centers, economics schools, banks, think tanks, and government and private institutions which listed their career and study opportunities on INOMICS in 2021, and were the most popular among our users. The full list of award winners can be found in the INOMICS Handbook 2022, alongside expert career advice from economics professors and a fascinating interview with economic historian Adam Tooze, who offers his wisdom on the economics landscape. Download the INOMICS Handbook for free. Top 3 Employers University of Copenhagen (Denmark) University of Cape Town (South Africa) Queen Mary University of London (United Kingdom) Top 3 Training Course Organizer Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (The Netherlands) University of St.Gallen (Switzerland) Barcelona School of Economics (Spain) Top 3 Places to Do a Master's University of Luxembourg (Luxembourg) CERGE-EI (Czechia) University of Alicante (Spain) Top 3 Places to Do a PhD Graduate School of Economic & Social Sciences (GESS), University of Mannheim (Germany) University of Surrey (United Kingdom) University of Konstanz (Germany) Top 3 Conference Organizers Review of Socio-Economic Perspectives (RSEP) Ruhr Graduate School in Economics (RGS Econ) (Germany) Masters International Research and Development Center Top 3 Summer School Organizers University of Oxford (United Kingdom) Paris School of Economics (France) The University of Surrey (United Kingdom) Top 3 Scholarship Providers CEMFI (Spain) The Institute for Employment Research (IAB) (Germany) UniCredit Foundation See all winners in Handbook
disambiguating description: Now in their sixth year, the INOMICS Awards remain unique in their celebration of institutions committed to the career development of economists worldwide.
date posted: 2022-05-16T09:47:03Z
date modified: 2026-07-03T11:58:32Z
employment type: onsite
language: en
keywords: INOMICS Handbook
keywords: Awards
keywords: Ranking
type: blog
disciplines: economics
disciplines: socialscience
disciplines: generaleconomics
discipline labels: Economics
discipline labels: Economics and Social Sciences
discipline labels: General Economics (JEL A)

The Value of Nature’s Services to Modern Economies
type: Article
title: The Value of Nature’s Services to Modern Economies
description: These factors of production from nature hold the core of all economies’ potential output, which therefore makes our economy dependent on the life-support systems of our planet. Even businesses seemingly removed from raw materials - like software-as-a-service companies - depend on power generated from natural sources. Yet, over the past few decades, economic theory has managed to fabricate the illusion that somehow we can get by without natural resources, or that they are insignificant to our modern world. We know that resources are finite, but apparently as a species we lack the feeling of urgency to realize their significance for the maintenance of our world and for the future generations that will follow us. National governments continue to focus on growing their economies, paying little heed to the consequences they may have on nature. The services provided to us by nature take four main forms, as first identified by the UN Millennium Ecosystem Assessment’s 2003 “Ecosystems and Human Well-being: A Framework for Assessment” report. They are called provisioning services, regulating services, cultural services, and support services. The value estimates for ecosystem services in the rest of this article are typically estimated by: the market value method, avoided damage cost method, replacement cost method, opportunity cost method, or by hedonic property models. These are some of the most prominent ecosystem valuation methods, but there are others as well. Provisioning Services Provisioning services are the ecosystem services provided to humans as products obtained directly from nature, such as: Food from plant, animal and microbe sources. Fuel, wood, and other sources of energy. Fiber, cotton, wool, hemp and silk. Genetic resources such as the genetic information used for biotechnology and animal and plant breeding. Ornamental resources such as shells, animal skins and flowers. Biochemicals, natural medicines and food additives. Fresh water from sources such as rive…
disambiguating description: For as long as we can remember, Mother Nature has been serving mankind as our major root source of livelihood. From the land that provides the nutrients for our crops, to the stone for our roads and buildings, to the oil for transport in our globalized world, we rely on these natural resources to maintain our modern way of life.
date posted: 2022-03-31T10:01:39Z
date modified: 2026-07-03T11:59:28Z
employment type: onsite
language: en
keywords: Sara Taha
keywords: natural resources
keywords: nature
keywords: natural services
keywords: environmental economics
type: blog
disciplines: economics
disciplines: socialscience
disciplines: agriculturalenvironmentaleconomics
disciplines: generaleconomics
disciplines: economicthoughtmethodology
discipline labels: Economics
discipline labels: Economics and Social Sciences
discipline labels: Agricultural and Environmental Economics (JEL Q)
discipline labels: General Economics (JEL A)
discipline labels: Economic Thought & Methodology (JEL B)

The Life of Rational Economic Man
type: Article
title: The Life of Rational Economic Man
description: However, despite pillaging the planet and endangering our existence, we still find time for solidarity and charity, betraying a nature seemingly as generous as it is destructive. Recent events draw attention to this paradox, coronavirus triggering swells of heart-warming community spirit as well as the hoarding of toilet paper. Which leads to the question: given such a paradox, what, if anything, does it mean to be human? Philosophers seem unable to muster a unified answer. In fact, little consensus has emerged anywhere - except, that is, among a cadre of economists, whose influence has gone on to define their discipline. The following is the story of how this clique defined their own answer to this question - the story of rational economic man. His evolution It begins when ‘The Father of Economics’, Adam Smith, wrote about the importance of man’s self interest in making markets work. It’s not, he famously explained in The Wealth of Nations, the benevolence of the butcher, brewer or baker that keeps us fed and refreshed; rather, it’s their selfishness, their pursuit of personal wealth. While acknowledging ‘generosity, justice, and public spirit’ as other, nobler drivers of human behavior, it’s his conception of selfishness that’s best remembered - becoming the first plank of economics’ conception of man. However, selfishness notwithstanding, man - according to Smith - was still to some degree unpredictable. Economists were, therefore, denied a discrete unit of analysis, and unable to model human behavior with much precision, reducing their work to rough prediction. What economists needed was a constant, their own version of the scientist’s gene, something both simple and predictable. It was thus, with an eye on their scientist colleagues, that they began to define human nature (and reality) to fit their theoretical needs. To gain access to the scientific method, they would first have to reverse it. <11an>limit:3;categories:Summer Schools;disciplines:Economics</11an>…
disambiguating description: Humanity’s evolving nature has propelled it up the food chain, from prey to planetary predator. Just 60,000 years ago, homo sapiens roamed the earth, insignificant and insecure, their existence of little consequence. Life, as Thomas Hobbes put it, was ‘nasty, brutish, and short’. Fast forward to the present and man’s mark is unmistakable, the dawn of the ‘anthropocene’ testament to mesmerizing advances in technology - and a masochistic disregard for our ecosystems.
date posted: 2022-02-10T13:00:00Z
date modified: 2026-07-03T12:04:52Z
employment type: onsite
language: en
keywords: economic history
keywords: behavioral economics
keywords: rationality
type: blog
disciplines: economichistory
disciplines: economics
disciplines: socialscience
disciplines: economicthoughtmethodology
discipline labels: Economic History (JEL N)
discipline labels: Economics
discipline labels: Economics and Social Sciences
discipline labels: Economic Thought & Methodology (JEL B)

The 'Recipe With No Ingredients' in Macroeconomics Textbooks
type: Article
title: The 'Recipe With No Ingredients' in Macroeconomics Textbooks
description: Almost fifty years ago William Nordhaus and James Tobin, both professors at Yale University and later Nobel Prize laureates in economics, wrote an article with which they intervened in the debate aroused by the well known Report to the Club of Rome, The Limits to Growth (Meadows et al, 1972)1. Among other things, they wrote: "The prevailing standard model of growth […] is basically a two-factor model in which production depends only on labor and reproducible capital. Land and [natural] resources, the third member of the classical triad, have generally been dropped" (Nordhaus and Tobin, 1973, p. 522). Nordhaus and Tobin made reference to an analytical tool largely used by the standard theory, the aggregate production function. That function is normally presented in the form Y = f(L, K), in which the determinants of product (Y) are labor (L) and capital (K) - the “factors of production”. Sometimes, along with labor and capital, “technology” or “efficiency” are considered causes of economic growth. One may wonder why natural resources, traditionally represented by “land”, were dropped from the production function. There are several answers. Firstly, some neoclassical economists in the late 19th and early 20th century included “land” in capital assets (see Daly and Cobb, 1989, pp. 109-113; Czech, 2013, pp. 91-116); so in the following years many economists didn’t see “land” in the function and simply “forgot” it, consequently forgetting natural resources. Secondly, after World War II the general atmosphere of economic optimism meant that many economists considered natural resources not scarce (see Nordhaus, 1974, p. 22, Daly, 1999a, p. 79), and so irrelevant for economics; if and when a single resource would became scarce, it could be substituted with another resource on the basis of the idea that "Nature imposes particular scarcities, not an inescapable general scarcity" (Barnett and Morse, 1963, p. 11). Moreover, many economists avoided the problem of absolute scarcit…
disambiguating description: Production is interaction of man and nature Karl Polanyi, The Great Transformation
date posted: 2022-03-14T22:59:59Z
date modified: 2026-07-03T13:33:50Z
employment type: onsite
language: en
keywords: macroeconomics
keywords: natural resources
keywords: macroeconomics textbook
keywords: Giandomenico Scarpelli
type: blog
disciplines: economics
disciplines: macroeconomicsmonetary
disciplines: socialscience
disciplines: generaleconomics
disciplines: economicthoughtmethodology
discipline labels: Economics
discipline labels: Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics (JEL E)
discipline labels: Economics and Social Sciences
discipline labels: General Economics (JEL A)
discipline labels: Economic Thought & Methodology (JEL B)

Solidarity with Ukraine, ways to help and assisting international students fleeing war
type: Article
title: Solidarity with Ukraine, ways to help and assisting international students fleeing war
description: How to help and donate It is difficult to know how best to concretely help those in need. Of course, donating money provides an immediate form of assistance. If you have the means, you can assist institutions like the Kyiv School of Economics, which is raising funds for humanitarian aid. You can support their campaign with a donation on their website. If your institution is offering assistance as well, please email ua-help@inomics.com and we will add your institution to the list below. We also wish to direct your attention to some of the major humanitarian aid organizations working in Ukraine right now: Red Cross special Ukraine fund UNHCR (The UN Refugee Agency) UNICEF (United Nations Children's Fund) The International Rescue Committee Doctors Without Borders Alternatively, there are multiple organizations and initiatives with a more specific focus for the support they are offering. Donate for Specific Types of Support Care.org has established a special Ukraine Crisis fund to provide food, water, hygiene kits, psychosocial support, and cash assistance — prioritizing women and girls, families, and the elderly. The Volkswagen Foundation is offering funding to Ukrainian academics and scientists who have fled their country and arrived in (or are in transit to) Germany. Doctoral students, postdocs, and established scientists have the opportunity to continue their work at a university or research institute in Germany for 6-12 months with the Foundation's help. Support Transport for People Fleeing Ukraine: Mission Lifeline are organizing transport convoys from the Ukraine Border. CARA, the Council for At-Risk Academics, provides help to academics in dangerous situations. They and their UK university partners are helping Ukrainians flee their country and find safe areas to continue their work. Support Journalism and Free speech: Ukraine Independent (English-language Ukrainian Newspaper) Fundraising Page Katapult Magazine (German/English language Ukrainian Online Magazine) …
disambiguating description: A historic tragedy like the war in Ukraine calls for historic measures of outreach and solidarity. There is an urgent demand for humanitarian aid and safe passage for the hundreds of thousands of refugees already created by the war. This includes thousands of students at Ukranian universities who have had to flee the conflict.
date posted: 2022-03-02T18:22:30Z
date modified: 2022-03-09T14:31:30Z
employment type: onsite
language: en
keywords: donations
keywords: ukraine donations
keywords: ukraine
keywords: ukraine crisis
type: blog
disciplines: othereconomics
disciplines: microeconomics
disciplines: internationaleconomics
disciplines: publiceconomicspolicy
disciplines: socialscience
disciplines: labordemographiceconomics
disciplines: economicdevelopmentgrowth
disciplines: healtheducationwelfareeconomics
disciplines: economicsystems
disciplines: urbanruraltransportationeconomics
disciplines: economichistory
disciplines: economics
disciplines: macroeconomicsmonetary
disciplines: financialeconomics
disciplines: laweconomics
disciplines: econometricsstatisticsquantitative
disciplines: agriculturalenvironmentaleconomics
disciplines: generaleconomics
disciplines: businesseconomics
disciplines: economicthoughtmethodology
disciplines: industrialorganization
discipline labels: Other Special Economics Topics (JEL Z)
discipline labels: Microeconomics (JEL D)
discipline labels: International Economics (JEL F)
discipline labels: Public Economics & Economic Policy (JEL H)
discipline labels: Economics and Social Sciences
discipline labels: Labor and Demographic Economics (JEL J)
discipline labels: Economic Development, Innovation and Growth (JEL O)
discipline labels: Health, Education, and Welfare (JEL I)
discipline labels: Economic Systems (JEL P)
discipline labels: Urban, Rural and Transportation Economics (JEL R)
discipline labels: Economic History (JEL N)
discipline labels: Economics
discipline labels: Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics (JEL E)
discipline labels: Financial Economics (JEL G)
discipline labels: Law and Economics (JEL K)
discipline labels: Econometrics, Statistics and Quantitative Methods (JEL C)
discipline labels: Agricultural and Environmental Economics (JEL Q)
discipline labels: General Economics (JEL A)
discipline labels: Business Economics (JEL M)
discipline labels: Economic Thought & Methodology (JEL B)
discipline labels: Industrial Organization (JEL L)

What is Supply-side Economics?
type: Article
title: What is Supply-side Economics?
description: Its defining feature lies in the assumption that production, rather than demand, is the primary factor in creating and sustaining economic growth. To that end, its proponents advocate the lowering of taxes and removal of regulation. Less taxation, they claim, means more profits for businesses. Then, freed of red-tape and compelled by self interest, those businesses can reinvest their increased earnings to generate a larger supply of goods and jobs. It’s thus that the economy grows - tax cuts pay for themselves. Redistributing wealth by this means, creating circumstances advantageous for businesses and allowing wealth to 'trickle down', is thought meritocratic, ensuring an equity and efficiency that state intervention simply cannot match. Such conviction places it in direct opposition to Keynesianism, which, anticipating fluctuations of aggregate demand and inefficiencies in the market economy, prescribes an active government that intervenes in economic activity using fiscal and monetary stimuli to help manage moments of instability. <11an>limit:2;categories:jobs|courses|conferences|Professor;disciplines:Economic Systems (JEL P)|Economic Development, Innovation and Growth (JEL O)</11an> Reaganomics and the emergence of supply-side Keynesianism served as the standard economic model from the Great Depression onwards. But, its appeal began to fade in the 1970s, as it struggled to arrest the declining growth and rising inflation - known as stagflation - that plagued many advanced economies. Sensing an opportunity, neoliberals stepped in, pushing supply-side principles as the antidote. Most famously, the new theory became the bedrock of ‘Reaganomics’ - the economic policy pursued by the United States' first celebrity president - and since then, it’s remained highly favored, despite being shrouded in controversy. As journalist Bill Flax has described, ‘the notion that tax cuts increase tax receipts circled the globe, and was ultimately tried in such previously unimaginable…
disambiguating description: ​Supply-side economics. Since its conception in the 1970s, debating its merits – or lack thereof – has been at the heart of political discourse, demarcating Republican from Democrat, Tory loyalist from Labour devotee, and informing not just an economic outlook, but a world view.
date posted: 2019-08-01T10:27:18Z
date modified: 2026-07-03T13:35:35Z
employment type: onsite
language: en
keywords: economics
keywords: Arthur Laffer
keywords: supply-side economics
keywords: Donald Trump
keywords: William Pearse
keywords: economists
type: blog
disciplines: economichistory
disciplines: politics
disciplines: economics
disciplines: macroeconomicsmonetary
disciplines: socialscience
disciplines: economicthoughtmethodology
discipline labels: Economic History (JEL N)
discipline labels: Politics
discipline labels: Economics
discipline labels: Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics (JEL E)
discipline labels: Economics and Social Sciences
discipline labels: Economic Thought & Methodology (JEL B)

10 Movies All Economists Will Love
type: Article
title: 10 Movies All Economists Will Love
description: INOMICS is a member of the Amazon Associates affiliate program and the Apple affiliate program. This article contains affiliate links, which means we may earn money through any qualifying purchases made after you click through. However, this is not a sponsored post. 1. Moneyball The film that got the whole world interested in statistics, Moneyball is based on a true story about the manager of the Oakland A's baseball team who used statistics to analyze and understand players' strengths and weakness. With these insights, he rebuilt the team by recruiting undervalued players and focusing on strategy rather than fielding superstar players. Because of this, the A’s rose from the bottom of the league to become a top team. Economists will enjoy seeing statistics being put to real-world use and the fact that the numbers guys are the real heroes of the movie. For more on statistics in sport, check out our article dedicated to the topic! 2. The Wolf of Wall Street Another movie based on a true story, this one chronicles the rise and fall of Jordan Belfort, a stockbroker in the 80s who made millions through fraud and corruption in the stock market. Showing the wildest decadence of the Wall Street boom years, this movie was a hit with the public for its moral ambiguity and an all-star cast headed by Leonardo DiCaprio. 3. Wall Street An earlier economics film with a similar theme to The Wolf of Wall Street, this 80s drama stars Charlie Sheen as a stockbroker who gets involved with a corporate raider's nefarious plans. Showing life as an 80s trader at its most gauche and excessive, the film delves into issues of morality, wealth, and power in the monied world of top corporations. 4. Arbitrage Arbitrage is a thriller drama starring Richard Gere as a hedge fund manager who has been engaged in shady accounting practices in secret. He tries to hide his losses and avoid being arrested for fraud. After a car accident nearly exposes his secrets, he must decide how to evade the police i…
disambiguating description: Economics isn't something that can only be learned from degree programs, books or journals. As an important part of modern life, there are also a number of great movies about economic themes. From the 2008 financial crisis to the formation of game theory, movies have documented a variety of subjects that will be of interest to economists. Next time you're sitting down for movie night, try one of these 10 films that economists will love.
date posted: 2018-08-02T10:25:19Z
date modified: 2026-07-03T13:38:21Z
employment type: onsite
language: en
keywords: movies
keywords: films
keywords: economics
keywords: Georgina Torbet
keywords: Moneyball
keywords: economists
type: blog
disciplines: marketing
disciplines: economics
disciplines: education
disciplines: socialscience
disciplines: business
disciplines: psychology
disciplines: management
disciplines: generaleconomics
discipline labels: Marketing
discipline labels: Economics
discipline labels: Education
discipline labels: Economics and Social Sciences
discipline labels: Business
discipline labels: Psychology
discipline labels: Management
discipline labels: General Economics (JEL A)

The Anxiety Epidemic
type: Article
title: The Anxiety Epidemic
description: On a more encouraging note, Alston observed an opening up of the conversation on mental health, a much overdue de-stigmatisation, which has facilitated the gradual emergence of initiatives aimed to mitigate the problem, found in places as far-flung as New York and Mangalore. Although a welcome sign, it’s clear much more needs to be done – too many young people are falling through the cracks. That universities are incubators for mental health problems is unsurprising. Adapting to life away from home for the first time can be especially stressful. Anyone who has studied will remember the unforgettable feeling of being adrift in a sea of new people and knowing no one. A thrill to some, it can be overwhelming for others. In either case, it comes with a set of unavoidable difficulties, which can, if unaddressed, trigger or exacerbate a whole range of mental conditions, from anxiety and depression to social phobia. Anxiety rising Of these conditions, it's cases of anxiety that are most on the rise: it's now the most common mental illness in the US, affecting over 40 million people, the majority young adults. Many, too, are suffering alone. The Anxiety and Depression Association of America (ADAA) estimates that just 36.9% are receiving treatment – and the consequences of this are huge. Left untreated, anxiety often operates as a ‘gateway’ disorder – the isolation it encourages leading to drug and alcohol abuse, and sometimes depression. Swift, comprehensive, and stigma-free treatment, therefore, is not just recommended, it’s imperative. But what exactly are the roots of this trend towards anxiety? There are, unfortunately, a multitude. Alston, for instance, placed a strong emphasis on diet – undoubtedly a key component. This article, however, looks at other behavioural habits the modern world fosters; specifically, the pernicious role social media plays, its infiltration of our homes, our pockets, and how, for many, it now frames the entirety of their lived experience. Whe…
disambiguating description: Even before COVID-19, students across the world face a mental health crisis of unprecedented proportions. Columnist James Matthew Alston investigated the phenomenon, looking particularly at university responses - his conclusions made for tough reading. Many institutions are overwhelmed, their mental health services ill-equipped to cope with the growing demand. Consequently, students are often left untreated in precarious states of mental health – an unsustainable situation that, as the statistics show, can end tragically.
date posted: 2019-06-20T11:43:32Z
date modified: 2026-07-03T13:40:22Z
employment type: onsite
language: en
keywords: anxiety
keywords: universities
keywords: William Pearse
keywords: mental health
keywords: student life
keywords: students
keywords: depression
keywords: social media
type: blog
disciplines: economics
disciplines: socialscience
disciplines: business
disciplines: management
disciplines: healtheducationwelfareeconomics
discipline labels: Economics
discipline labels: Economics and Social Sciences
discipline labels: Business
discipline labels: Management
discipline labels: Health, Education, and Welfare (JEL I)

Countries with the Highest Salaries for Economists
type: Article
title: Countries with the Highest Salaries for Economists
description: Economists are – unsurprisingly – methodical about their careers, it’s in their nature. With every choice, and at every stage, the costs and benefits of decisions are meticulously weighed, the potential utility assessed. Here at INOMICS we know this better than most, helping, as we do, economists of all stripes through the process. We know which questions they seek to answer before choosing one career path over another. And always close to the top of the list – which, true to stereotype, is a lengthy one – is where in the world do economists earn the most? With salary data from respondents based in 128 countries, INOMICS’ recently released Salary Report answers this query, along with many others pertaining to economists’ salaries within and across regions. Among its most shocking findings, the report exposes the regional inequality in salaries. While the hierarchy itself may not be entirely surprising, the gulf between regions is so stark, and the disparities so great, it’s simply not possible to talk of a single global job market for economists – the geographical divergences in wages are too substantial. As the graph shows, North America is far and away the most lucrative job market for economists, the average annual salary standing at an eye-watering $112,164. Economists based in North America earn, on average, almost twice as much as their colleagues in the next most lucrative markets in Western Europe & Scandinavia and East Asia & Australasia, where average salaries stand at 61,108 and 60,787 respectively, and nearly five-times those in Africa and South Asia. This superiority of wages exists across all sectors, and although the cost of living is often more expensive, in terms of pure dollars and cents, the region is unrivalled. Truly, if the size of your pay packet is your greatest concern, it’s the only place to work. Delving a little deeper into the region’s data, further details also become clear: US wages are dragging up the region’s average. Wages in the US…
disambiguating description: The following article is an analysis of data taken from the INOMICS Salary Report 2020/21 - which is available to download in full here. Specifically, this article looks at the average salaries of economists around the world working in academia, the public sector and the private sector. It is the first instalment in a series of insights handling the Report’s findings.
date posted: 2019-03-26T08:00:00Z
date modified: 2026-07-03T13:41:36Z
employment type: onsite
language: en
keywords: Salary
keywords: Survey
keywords: economics
keywords: salaries
keywords: academia
keywords: William Pearse
keywords: job market report
keywords: Job Market
type: blog
disciplines: marketing
disciplines: economics
disciplines: education
disciplines: law
disciplines: macroeconomicsmonetary
disciplines: socialscience
disciplines: business
disciplines: psychology
disciplines: management
disciplines: generaleconomics
discipline labels: Marketing
discipline labels: Economics
discipline labels: Education
discipline labels: Law
discipline labels: Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics (JEL E)
discipline labels: Economics and Social Sciences
discipline labels: Business
discipline labels: Psychology
discipline labels: Management
discipline labels: General Economics (JEL A)

The Case for Community Wealth Building
type: Article
title: The Case for Community Wealth Building
description: Talk has begun of loosening the restrictions, and the route out of the wreckage is clearer by the day. With this in mind, and looking to our future, we must ask ourselves where our priorities lie? The post-COVID world is yet to be built – and we need to get planning. Placing community at the center When things are threatened, it’s natural to consider what we hold dear, what we would fight to protect. And like many previous crises, COVID-19 has reasserted the importance of community: the sense of collective belonging, shared purpose. In responding to the pandemic, it was local workers that kept society running, stacking shelves, delivering food, caring for the elderly; and it was from local spaces that mutual-aid networks emerged, filling the gaps left by inadequate government intervention. In the words of the National Organisation for Local Economies (CLES): ‘the emergency has underscored the centrality of community to our everyday lives’. At the same time, the crisis has also reminded us how much we undermine it. Decades of deindustrialisation, outsourcing, and austerity have helped erode community bonds, with local economies manufacturing little but inequality and precarious, often underpaid, work. And things are now worsening. As COVID-induced recession hits, thousands of businesses face bankruptcy, threatening countless jobs, and private equity firms hover like vultures, salivating at the prospect of picking up local firms on the cheap. UK highstreets, so often the focal point around which communities coalesce, are teetering on the brink of extinction, nothing but fast food chains and automated casinos to fill their empty fronts. For those prepared to fight to protect their communities, the time has come. Despite looking like an overwhelming task, the cause is not without hope. Polling shows that just 6% of Brits want a return of the pre-COVID economy, clearing the way for a new economic path - one that prioritises local livelihoods over big business, long-term …
disambiguating description: 'The greatest science policy failure for a generation’ is how the editor of The Lancet, Richard Horton, described the UK’s COVID response last June. It was a widely shared sentiment – made credible by the UK having one of the highest death rates in the western world. Fast forward to the present, and the government has finally claimed a ‘much needed win’ – a big one, too. Its vaccination programme has been rolled out with remarkable swiftness, and the country’s vulnerable populations are well on their way to inoculation. Commentators of every stripe have taken note.
date posted: 2021-05-03T09:19:51Z
date modified: 2026-07-03T13:44:57Z
employment type: onsite
language: en
keywords: COVID-19
keywords: U.K
keywords: William Pearse
keywords: Community Wealth Building
keywords: Recession
keywords: COVID recovery
type: blog
disciplines: publiceconomicspolicy
disciplines: economics
disciplines: socialscience
disciplines: economicdevelopmentgrowth
disciplines: urbanruraltransportationeconomics
discipline labels: Public Economics & Economic Policy (JEL H)
discipline labels: Economics
discipline labels: Economics and Social Sciences
discipline labels: Economic Development, Innovation and Growth (JEL O)
discipline labels: Urban, Rural and Transportation Economics (JEL R)

Preventing the Death of UK High Streets
type: Article
title: Preventing the Death of UK High Streets
description: But we knew this. Consumers are aware of the tradeoff they make buying books on Amazon instead of at the bookshop they walk past on their commute. And shopkeepers, obviously, don’t need telling - they’ve been struggling against internet forces, and before that out-of-town superstores, for years. Now, though, in this COVID-defined moment, lingering hope for a reprieve may well have been dashed, as, in accordance with lockdown and social distancing, even the most committed high street consumers have been kept away - and it’s unclear in what numbers they’ll return. Soon, 40% of non-food sales are predicted to take place online, up from 20% in February, and last month John Lewis and Boots announced a slew of store closures, with retail expert Bill Grimsey warning it’s ‘just the start’. In the coming year, he expects many retailers to join the likes of Toys “R” Us, Claire’s, Debenhams, and Oasis in administration - taking countless jobs with them. And it’s not just retail. Over a third of UK bank branches have shut since 2015, with numbers now increasing, and lockdown has brought the hospitality sector to its knees. The stakes are high This sense of loss is seismic. The character of many towns emanates outwards from the high street, which operates as a bustling hub of exchange, not just economic, but social and cultural. Particularly in smaller towns, for those more rural and isolated, its demise is a devastating, unanchoring experience - jobs are lost never to be replaced, spots where friends used to meet disappear, and optimism fades. It’s a feeling captured visually by the bleak-looking thoroughfares of boarded up fronts that are now a familiar sight in many town centres, the only life coming from corporately owned gambling, payday-loan, or fast-food shops. On the outskirts of these towns it’s not uncommon to find distribution warehouses, often the new centre of regional employment, where workers endure insecure work, with bad conditions and low pay. The Preston Model…
disambiguating description: The internet has given us many things: unlimited information, ever-expanding interconnection, myriad means of procrastination - in some places it’s even helped birth democracy. But as one hand giveth, the other, as is often the case, taketh away. And in the UK, it looks like the gift of online shopping may come at the expense of our high streets - and the thousands of livelihoods they maintain.
date posted: 2020-07-21T14:27:42Z
date modified: 2026-07-03T13:47:25Z
employment type: onsite
language: en
keywords: The Preston Model
keywords: William Pearse
keywords: Community Wealth Building
keywords: UK High Streets
type: blog
disciplines: politics
disciplines: publiceconomicspolicy
disciplines: economics
disciplines: socialscience
disciplines: economicdevelopmentgrowth
disciplines: urbanruraltransportationeconomics
discipline labels: Politics
discipline labels: Public Economics & Economic Policy (JEL H)
discipline labels: Economics
discipline labels: Economics and Social Sciences
discipline labels: Economic Development, Innovation and Growth (JEL O)
discipline labels: Urban, Rural and Transportation Economics (JEL R)

The Problems With Development Aid
type: Article
title: The Problems With Development Aid
description: In the words of Economist, Dambisa Moyo, the answer is zero: African people ‘are worse off; much worse off… aid has helped make the poor poorer, and growth slower’. A strong condemnation this may be, but Moyo's assessment is no outlier. Development expert, William Easterly, has drawn similar conclusions – his study ‘Can Foreign Aid Buy Growth’ revealing an inverse correlation between aid and per capita growth. Indeed, the aid establishment has endured four decades of trenchant critiques, many of the most vocal coming from within its own ranks. Throughout this time, the sector has shown itself impressively impervious, rarely changing its approach to development, offering only window dressing in way of reform. When criticism has built, the response from donors, whether the World Bank, the U.S, or even Bono, has invariably been the same: the demand for ‘one final push’. Poverty eradication, by this logic, has always been just one last injection of aid away. Given the huge cash flows of aid from the developed to developing world its persistence is hard to make sense of. Even harder to reconcile is the fact that between 1970 and 1998 poverty in Africa rose from 11% to 66%, this while aid flows were at their peak. <11an>limit:2;categories:jobs|courses|conferences;disciplines:Economic Development, Innovation and Growth (JEL O)|Urban, Rural and Transportation Economics (JEL R)</11an> The paradox Something, evidently, does not add up. How is it possible that an initiative so ‘well-intentioned’ can be so ineffectual, to the point of possibly being disruptive? And further, how can said initiative be allowed to continue unchanged for so long? To answer these questions, it’s necessary to consider the motivations behind its continued provision and the effects of its implementation - simple sounding steps that curiously the development community itself has, thus far, seemed so unwilling to take. Before continuing, one other thing should be said. In the following, ‘aid’ is meant to…
disambiguating description: ​Development aid: what is it good for? Well, according to much research the answer may well be absolutely nothing. In fact, it may well be worse than nothing. When judged against its aim of ‘instigating economic development and alleviating poverty’, its record is so dismal it looks as though aid actually hinders the achievement of its own stated goals. And the curious thing is this seems to be something of an open secret. Even to an untrained eye the big numbers pertaining to development aid don’t look right. Take Africa, for example. Over $1 trillion dollars has been pumped into the continent in the last 50 years, and how much has it benefited? How many African countries are actually in a better condition now than they were before receiving aid?
date posted: 2019-05-31T12:40:17Z
date modified: 2026-07-03T13:48:56Z
employment type: onsite
language: en
keywords: development
keywords: economics
keywords: africa
keywords: William Pearse
keywords: development aid
keywords: foreign aid
keywords: aid
type: blog
disciplines: politics
disciplines: internationaleconomics
disciplines: publiceconomicspolicy
disciplines: economics
disciplines: socialscience
disciplines: economicdevelopmentgrowth
discipline labels: Politics
discipline labels: International Economics (JEL F)
discipline labels: Public Economics & Economic Policy (JEL H)
discipline labels: Economics
discipline labels: Economics and Social Sciences
discipline labels: Economic Development, Innovation and Growth (JEL O)

A Critique of Neoliberalism
type: Article
title: A Critique of Neoliberalism
description: Although over a decade later neoliberalism is yet to be replaced, its grip on power has considerably loosened, the pandemic – and all its attendant injustice – forcing the most recent reckoning with its shortcomings. It’s a process we can see in real time, with new political formations emerging on both the right and left. Indeed, alternatives that in previous years would have been dismissed as too radical, utopian or even regressive, are now earnestly discussed as people seek an exit from the current political model. But what does this really mean? What exactly are these alternatives looking to depart? The word neoliberalism is used with such regularity – and at times carelessness – that its definition has become hazy, its precepts unclear. And therein lies much of its power. To escape its clutches people must first understand it: how it arose, to whom it accrues power, and by what means it has been sustained. To that end, the following attempts to dissect the term, studying its history, the policies born from its logic, and the effects it’s had on society. It's conception Although famously associated with the politics of Margaret Thatcher and Ronald Reagan, neoliberalism’s history predates both leaders – the term likely first used in the late 19th century. It found an institutional home, however, some fifty years later, when in 1947 a group of alarmed economists convened at Mont Pelerin, and ominously warned that ‘the essential conditions of human dignity and freedom had disappeared’. To those in attendance – who would coalesce and become the Mont Pelerin Society – the roots of the crisis were clear and found in the ‘declining belief in private property and the competitive market’. A staunch defense of an increasingly besieged free-market capitalism was needed, and the state must withdraw from interfering with economic activity – only then could liberty be preserved. This fear of state intervention was so potent it placed social democracy on the same spectrum as bo…
disambiguating description: Few would contest it as the ideology of our political age. Ever since the 1980s, it has dominated western politics, underpinning governance, influencing culture, and leaving its indelible mark across society. During this time its core tenets were rarely challenged and only its peripheral aspects tweaked. The 2008 financial crash, however, changed this, shaking confidence in an ideology whose name, up until that point, was rarely ever spoken. With the loss of savings, skyrocketing inequality and falling living standards that followed, people wanted answers and began to question the political system that had facilitated such a disaster.
date posted: 2019-04-09T13:31:38Z
date modified: 2026-07-03T13:52:03Z
employment type: onsite
language: en
keywords: anxiety
keywords: economics
keywords: William Pearse
keywords: mental health
keywords: neoliberalism
keywords: political thought
type: blog
disciplines: economichistory
disciplines: politics
disciplines: publiceconomicspolicy
disciplines: economics
disciplines: socialscience
disciplines: business
disciplines: management
disciplines: economicthoughtmethodology
discipline labels: Economic History (JEL N)
discipline labels: Politics
discipline labels: Public Economics & Economic Policy (JEL H)
discipline labels: Economics
discipline labels: Economics and Social Sciences
discipline labels: Business
discipline labels: Management
discipline labels: Economic Thought & Methodology (JEL B)

Were We Ready for Brexit?
type: Article
title: Were We Ready for Brexit?
description: The carriers must pay attention to their passport validity An erection of a harder border between the UK and EU involves not only changes in customs work, fees and tax calculations, and other money-related issues, but a lot of small details, many of which were previously ignored by carriers, and which are now critically important. For example, the validity periods of ID documents and the amount of time UK drivers can spend in the EU, and vice versa, are of newfound significance. As stated on the official UK government website, UK drivers that enter the EU must have a passport that is valid for at least six months. Every UK citizen can stay in the EU without a visa on condition that he/she does not spend more than 90 days in the EU over a 180-day period. This means that carriers must calculate how many days their employees (drivers) have spent in the EU at any given time. The 90 day countdown begins as soon as you cross the UK/EU border. From the 1st of October citizens of EU, EEZ countries and Switzerland will need to present their passports to enter the UK. ID cards will no longer be considered a valid travel document. The number of documents required to cross the UK/EU border has also significantly increased. From the 1st of January the movement of goods across the UK/EU border in either direction are considered exports and imports simultaneously. This means that all documents related to transport and the movement of goods from one area to another must be filled and completed. Free movement of goods has ended. This will create a huge amount of bureaucracy for British ports and airports since all cargo from Europe goes through them. Goods from the UK, on the other hand, can go in various directions, distributing the workload of document inspection. <11an>limit:2;categories:jobs|courses|conferences;disciplines:Politics|International Economics (JEL F)</11an> Same old story During the first days of January, it quickly became clear that none of the parties involved wit…
disambiguating description: 2021 began not only with an understanding that COVID-19 restrictions would likely continue for some time, but that the effects of Brexit – Great Britain leaving European Union – would also start to be felt. That Brexit would bring about changes to the UK/EU border was known for months. And yet, when it happened, most of the carriers and state institutions were not ready, creating (or rather, extending) the chaos in ports and near the Eurotunnel.
date posted: 2021-03-11T11:11:46Z
date modified: 2026-07-03T13:53:26Z
employment type: onsite
language: en
keywords: trade
keywords: freight
keywords: Brexit
keywords: Rolands Peterson
keywords: carriers
type: blog
disciplines: economichistory
disciplines: politics
disciplines: internationaleconomics
disciplines: economics
disciplines: socialscience
disciplines: urbanruraltransportationeconomics
discipline labels: Economic History (JEL N)
discipline labels: Politics
discipline labels: International Economics (JEL F)
discipline labels: Economics
discipline labels: Economics and Social Sciences
discipline labels: Urban, Rural and Transportation Economics (JEL R)