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number of items: 20
total items: 249
item list element: A Critique of Centrism
item list element: Capitalism vs Socialism
item list element: How COVID-19 has Affected Economists in the Global North and South
item list element: COVID-19: The Economists' Experience
item list element: The Effects of Inequality on Society
item list element: Sudden Delivery Disruptions Due to Pandemic Will Not Go Away Any Time Soon
item list element: COVID-19 and the Effect on Female Employment and the Gender Pay Gap
item list element: How Has the COVID-19 Coronavirus Pandemic Affected the Academic Sector?
item list element: How has the Economics Job Market Been Affected by the Coronavirus? - Salary Report Introduction
item list element: Who is Responsible for a Shipping Vessel? Ownership and Scrapping
item list element: 8 Halloween Costumes for Economists
item list element: Can Economics Prevent War?
item list element: Alarming Trend due to COVID-19 – Maritime Piracy on the Rise
item list element: Which countries own the world's largest container ships?
item list element: Statistics in Sport
item list element: Inventory of hazardous substances in container vessels: another necessary but bureaucratic burden for carriers
item list element: Freight container market needs a two-year recovery period
item list element: Depression and Anxiety on the University Campus
item list element: The Lives and Livelihoods Fund
item list element: How the Coronavirus Pandemic Broke the Commercial Freight Transport Sector
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A Critique of Centrism
type: Article
title: A Critique of Centrism
description: Increasingly sidelined, the one-time arbiter of sensible, down-to-earth politics, has seen its stock plummet and the centre-ground left barren, sparsely populated by members of a fading political establishment. As Mehdi Hasan has observed, ‘labels like 'centrist' and 'moderate,' which common sense tells us should reflect the views of a majority… have come to be applied to those who represent minority interests and opinions”. But why? How exactly has this come to pass? And where, if anywhere, does the future of the centre lie? <11an>limit:2;categories:jobs|courses|conferences;disciplines:Politics</11an> A very brief and incomplete history Like the monikers ‘left’ and ‘right’, the ‘centre’, as a political orientation, finds its roots in the French Revolution and the seating arrangements of the short-lived National Assembly. It designated those that sat between the high clergy and wealthy on the right of the chair, and the lower clergy and poorer folks on the left. It was there that contrasting ideas met, were mediated, and (sometimes) found synthesis. In the centuries that followed, the ‘centre’ was sporadically appropriated as both a signifier and epithet. To a modern, anglophone ear, though, it’s mostly associated with the politics of the 1950s and 90s. President Dwight Eisenhowever was among its most strident torchbearers, committed to a politics he called ‘the middle ground’: socially-minded, yet limited governance that despised communism. Riding on his coattails, was UK Prime Minister, Harold Macmillan, whose political career was grounded in a similar set of principles he codified in, ‘The Middle Way’. Positioned between ‘socialism and pure capitalism’, it was underpinned by the enduring belief that ‘quiet, calm deliberation disentangles every knot’. This period of supremacy abruptly ended in the 1960s, when centrism fell victim to the political convulsions that swept the west. In a context of counterculture and revolution, the considered nature for which it was …
disambiguating description: The current moment is one defined by crisis. It can be found everywhere: in the climate, economy, mental health, even in democracy. It’s so ubiquitous as to have almost become the new norm. Amid the chaos, politics has struggled to keep up, its landscape is in permanent shift, its rulebook long thrown away. New formations have emerged, metastasized, sometimes died, and occasionally taken over - developments often surprising and hard to make sense of. What’s clear, though, is that polarisation has set in. From Bernie to Bolsanaro, from Modi to Make America Great Again, the voices now heard, the names that fill newspaper columns, are reminding us just how wide the political spectrum is. For many, it's a terrifying prospect, for others, it’s a thrilling and necessary reset. For the centre, as developments in the US and UK are showing, it may well spell death.
date posted: 2020-02-24T12:55:23Z
date modified: 2026-07-03T13:56:54Z
employment type: onsite
language: en
keywords: inequality
keywords: William Pearse
keywords: climate crisis
keywords: political thought
keywords: centrism
type: blog
disciplines: economichistory
disciplines: politics
disciplines: publiceconomicspolicy
disciplines: economics
disciplines: socialscience
disciplines: economicthoughtmethodology
discipline labels: Economic History (JEL N)
discipline labels: Politics
discipline labels: Public Economics & Economic Policy (JEL H)
discipline labels: Economics
discipline labels: Economics and Social Sciences
discipline labels: Economic Thought & Methodology (JEL B)

Capitalism vs Socialism
type: Article
title: Capitalism vs Socialism
description: However simple sounding this choice may be, the question is, in fact, a tricky one. What’s even meant by each term? In the current polarised political climate, where both are bandied about and often weaponised, definitions have blurred. Deplorable in the eyes of some, the roadmap to utopia to others. Many are understandably confused. What should one make of being branded a champagne-sipping socialist? Or a capitalist pig? To make sense of it all, we have delineated each term as concisely as possible. Meaning next time the political barbs start flying, you will at least know how offended to be when one comes your way. <11an>limit:2;categories:jobs|courses|conferences;disciplines:General Economics (JEL A)</11an> Capitalism Of the myriad differences that distinguish capitalism from socialism it’s the level of government involvement in the economy that’s most fundamental. The capitalist model is premised on the private ownership of the means of production and property. The economy relies on open, free markets whose forces - the so-called ‘invisible hand’ - determine prices, incomes, wealth and the distribution of goods. In theory, unencumbered competition then drives innovation - in technology and practice - and encourages companies to make the best products they can as cheaply as possible. Over time, therefore, products improve in quality, while becoming cheaper. ‘Inefficient’ companies that fail to keep up, as in, their products are relatively expensive or poor in quality, are quickly usurped and go out of business. This allows resources to flow to other, more ‘efficient’ areas - a process Joseph Schumpeter called ‘creative destruction’. Meanwhile, the consumer is ensured maximum choice at the minimum price - again, in theory at least. And this is what lies at capitalism’s heart: the promise of meritocracy, of efficiency winning out. It underpins the whole system. This leads neatly to another key distinction from socialism: equality, or, in capitalism’s case, the lack…
disambiguating description: As claims go, Francis Fukuyama’s insistence that history’s run its course has aged rather badly. The ascent of China, the Great Recession, spiralling inequality across the West, and now COVID-19, have all, in their own way, undermined his notion that capitalist liberal democracy is the political endgame. If anything, political choice seems to be expanding. People are increasingly being offered the opportunity to continue with capitalism, occasionally of the nativist variety and sometimes strictly neoliberal, or, alternatively, to try a little socialism.
date posted: 2019-11-18T13:33:14Z
date modified: 2026-07-03T14:00:29Z
employment type: onsite
language: en
keywords: William Pearse
keywords: capitalism
keywords: socialism
keywords: economic systems
type: blog
disciplines: politics
disciplines: economics
disciplines: socialscience
disciplines: economicsystems
disciplines: economicthoughtmethodology
discipline labels: Politics
discipline labels: Economics
discipline labels: Economics and Social Sciences
discipline labels: Economic Systems (JEL P)
discipline labels: Economic Thought & Methodology (JEL B)

How COVID-19 has Affected Economists in the Global North and South
type: Article
title: How COVID-19 has Affected Economists in the Global North and South
description: Overall, 36% of economists reported having been negatively affected by COVID professionally (excluding the turn to home-office), with 6% made redundant. Although this may be similar to comparable sectors, mapped geographically, the numbers tell another - depressingly familiar - story. Simply put, economists working in the Global South have suffered far higher levels of job loss, greater reductions in hours and salary, and have had more promotions postponed, than their Global North counterparts. The data is stark: 62% of economists in Africa, 56% in South Asia, and 42% in Caribbean, South & Central America, reported being negatively affected by the pandemic professionally, compared with just 23% in North America, and only 16% in Western Europe. Global inequality The International Labour Organisation’s (ILO) report ‘COVID-19 and the world of work’ makes it possible to place these figures among global labour market trends, and, thus, better understand the nuances of the economists’ experience. ILO research uses ‘working-hour losses’ as an aggregate indicator of COVID-19’s impact on the global labour market, and encompasses shorter hours, being employed but not working, being unemployed, and withdrawal from the labour force. With respect to the Global North/South divide, ILO data contains notable parallels to INOMICS’ survey, reporting that ‘lower-middle-income countries have been hardest hit’ and have endured ‘an estimated decline in working hours of 23.3% in the second quarter of the year’- the equivalent of 240 million full time jobs. This trend continued throughout the third quarter and is accounted for by greater prevalence of informal work, limited opportunities for teleworking, and general resource constraints. Unfortunately, because of unevenly distributed fiscal stimuli, its consequences are also set to worsen - the report expressing concern that ‘the estimated stimulus gap for low-income countries is less than 1% of the total value of the fiscal stimulus packa…
disambiguating description: The damage wrought by COVID, far from equalising, has been pointedly prejudiced. While the virus itself may struggle to differentiate between people, the world in which it operates has no such problem. Indeed, its structures have ensured COVID’s disruption of employment has fallen unevenly across regions - the experience of economists a case in point. Data from the forthcoming INOMICS’ Salary Report speaks to this directly, revealing the relationship between where one works - specifically in which country - and the level of vocational dislocation.
date posted: 2020-11-23T13:31:02Z
date modified: 2026-07-03T14:01:41Z
employment type: onsite
language: en
keywords: COVID-19
keywords: Global North
keywords: William Pearse
keywords: coronavirus
keywords: Economists
keywords: Global South
keywords: Inequality
keywords: Salary Report 2020
type: blog
disciplines: internationaleconomics
disciplines: economics
disciplines: socialscience
disciplines: business
disciplines: economicdevelopmentgrowth
disciplines: healtheducationwelfareeconomics
discipline labels: International Economics (JEL F)
discipline labels: Economics
discipline labels: Economics and Social Sciences
discipline labels: Business
discipline labels: Economic Development, Innovation and Growth (JEL O)
discipline labels: Health, Education, and Welfare (JEL I)

COVID-19: The Economists' Experience
type: Article
title: COVID-19: The Economists' Experience
description: <11an>limit:2;categories:jobs|courses|conferences;disciplines:General Economics (JEL A)|Health, Education, and Welfare (JEL I)</11an> Fortunately, most economists - particularly researchers - have been able to home-office throughout the crisis, transitioning with some ease, with much of their work already reliant solely on access to a computer. This is reflected by almost two thirds of economists reporting that, besides the migration home, they’ve experienced no change to their work. In the words of one: ‘it’s all remained the same’. This, however, cannot be said of teachers, for whom the transition to online learning, while mostly possible, has invariably been a bumpy road. Capturing the prevailing mood, teachers described E-teaching as ‘difficult, time-consuming and boring’, bemoaned their lack of ‘technical help’, and spoke of increased ‘inefficiency’ that had led to ‘an increased workload’. Students mirrored this frustration, though for different reasons. They cited reduced tutor contact hours as a disruptive influence, and were also dismayed by the closure of libraries. For many, though, it’s the future that is the greatest cause of concern. The scarcity of job opportunities was reported multiple times as a primary consequence of the pandemic, a concern expressed often by those on the verge of graduation, or early in their careers. This development will be especially worrisome for those straddled with enormous student loan debt (American student loan debt stands $1.5 trillion) who now face an increasingly precarious future. The prospect of which, according to testimonies from this cohort, has prompted increases in ‘mental stress’, ‘anxiety’, and a fear of perpetual joblessness, all compounded by knowledge that, in certain areas, the worst of the pandemic could be yet to come. The demand for diminishing work was also noted to have negatively affected worker power, empowering the employer. Articulating this emerging reality, one economist predicted that ‘labor st…
disambiguating description: That the world of work has radically changed we know, we see it before our eyes: kitchens have replaced offices; pajamas, suits; and housemates often now fill the space previously occupied by colleagues. But how have these changes - and others - been felt by economists around the world? Through a textual analysis undertaken in the INOMICS Salary Survey, we answer that question and, in doing so, paint an anecdotal picture of economists’ COVID experience.
date posted: 2021-01-13T11:12:03Z
date modified: 2026-07-03T14:03:07Z
employment type: onsite
language: en
keywords: COVID-19
keywords: Economics
keywords: William Pearse
keywords: Economists
keywords: Salary Report 2020
type: blog
disciplines: economics
disciplines: socialscience
disciplines: healtheducationwelfareeconomics
disciplines: generaleconomics
discipline labels: Economics
discipline labels: Economics and Social Sciences
discipline labels: Health, Education, and Welfare (JEL I)
discipline labels: General Economics (JEL A)

The Effects of Inequality on Society
type: Article
title: The Effects of Inequality on Society
description: Perhaps a worse indictment, however, is that for many they never had much effect. They never came close to capturing their actual reality: the shortage of food, the fragmentation of community, the political alienation. While coping with these concerns, that the 1% had further increased their collective wealth by X trillion dollars was only ever background noise, a little salt on the wound. Statistics of this kind may sell newspapers, but they don’t capture experience. There's no let-up Alas, such is the prevalence of inequality, it’s at risk of defining our time. Among the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries, it’s reached a record high, and economists see little sign of it abating. We now live in societies divided: the haves and have nots; those with opportunity and those denied; inhabitants of good, desirable areas, and the left-behind, the forgotten. In a moment in which fracturing communities need healing, inequality undermines any efforts, driving its big wedge into the ever-growing in between. Indeed, it’s only in the last 15 years, or so, that the full impact of these divisions have been assessed in earnest, and the array of inequality’s far-reaching effects laid bare. Some are not so easily identifiable, let alone quantifiable. And yet, an appreciation of them is essential if the true nature of inequality is to be understood. The reality beyond the money-oriented stats; inequality as experienced on-the-ground. Academics should be thanked for filling the void, as there now exists a robust body of research concerning the psychological effects of inequality, exploring, in particular, the trust it diminishes among individuals, and for institutions; the sense of community it erodes; and its links to growing political apathy. It’s these more insidious impacts, often obscured from popular view, that are of interest here – and it’s no exaggeration to say, they run deep. Solidarity on the wane Research by sociologists Marii Paskov a…
disambiguating description: Inequality is rampant, we hardly need telling. Rarely does the print media pass up an opportunity to remind us. We stand inundated by an endless stream of statistics – on scales barely fathomable – each one more depressing than the last. For instance, it’s widely known that: ‘8% of humanity takes home 50% of global income’; that ‘the top 1% own 45% of the world’s wealth’; and how could we forget that ‘the 26 richest people on earth had the same net worth as the poorest half’. As shocking as these stats once were, they’re now dishearteningly familiar; we can recite them unassisted; we are numb to them.
date posted: 2019-08-13T08:21:11Z
date modified: 2026-07-03T14:04:12Z
employment type: onsite
language: en
keywords: income
keywords: inequality
keywords: society
keywords: William Pearse
keywords: redistribution
type: blog
disciplines: politics
disciplines: microeconomics
disciplines: publiceconomicspolicy
disciplines: economics
disciplines: macroeconomicsmonetary
disciplines: socialscience
disciplines: economicdevelopmentgrowth
disciplines: healtheducationwelfareeconomics
discipline labels: Politics
discipline labels: Microeconomics (JEL D)
discipline labels: Public Economics & Economic Policy (JEL H)
discipline labels: Economics
discipline labels: Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics (JEL E)
discipline labels: Economics and Social Sciences
discipline labels: Economic Development, Innovation and Growth (JEL O)
discipline labels: Health, Education, and Welfare (JEL I)

Sudden Delivery Disruptions Due to Pandemic Will Not Go Away Any Time Soon
type: Article
title: Sudden Delivery Disruptions Due to Pandemic Will Not Go Away Any Time Soon
description: A couple of steps short of humanitarian disaster and incalculable damage to the environment At the end of the year around Christmas, up to 10,000 trucks headed from Dover to Calais via the Eurotunnel. When France suddenly closed its border with the UK, all trucks and their drivers that were still in Britain got stranded in the ports without any information about when they would be able to continue their journeys, and without food or access to essential hygiene facilities. Truck congestions near the ports in Kent were so bad that they even caused local traffic disturbances in some areas. Police were brought in to help organize the HGV queues. With the chaos difficult to contain, a possible humanitarian disaster in Kent seemed a real possibility. A huge number of people carrying various freights ranging from foodstuffs to goods and products were stuck, and some of the stranded products required special storage conditions available only at their destinations. Movement of unaccompanied freights (containers, etc.) was not stopped. However, how quickly the carriers regroup could transfer the freights stuck on the trucks to sea or air freight containers remained unclear, for the obstacles in their way were significant. Was it even possible given the trucks were tightly parked side by side in an open field inaccessible to other vehicles or reloading equipment? In any case, switching all land freights to sea or air freight transportation is impossible in a short time, as their capacities are limited. France remained resolute and stated that only drivers with a negative COVID-19 test would be allowed in. This meant that the UK were obliged to arrange mass testing very quickly, bringing in the army and fire service for the task. As a result, several thousands trucks crossed the Eurotunnel on December 25 alone. This created an additional load both on the tunnel and its servicing companies, and was undoubtedly a huge burden on the environment at both ends, owing to the large num…
disambiguating description: At the end of 2020, chaos in the transport industry ensued after many European countries, including France, decided to ban all travel from the UK. The reason was the rapid outbreak of a new COVID-19 strand. Ultimately, the industry was not ready for such a turn of events. It is incredibly difficult to prepare for what came to pass: in the morning everything started as usual, and then a few hours later, all change and a 180-degree turn.
date posted: 2021-03-02T08:58:49Z
date modified: 2026-07-03T14:05:15Z
employment type: onsite
language: en
keywords: Trade
keywords: Brexit
keywords: Rolands Peterson
keywords: coronavirus covid-19
keywords: Freight
type: blog
disciplines: internationaleconomics
disciplines: economics
disciplines: socialscience
disciplines: industrialorganization
disciplines: urbanruraltransportationeconomics
discipline labels: International Economics (JEL F)
discipline labels: Economics
discipline labels: Economics and Social Sciences
discipline labels: Industrial Organization (JEL L)
discipline labels: Urban, Rural and Transportation Economics (JEL R)

COVID-19 and the Effect on Female Employment and the Gender Pay Gap
type: Article
title: COVID-19 and the Effect on Female Employment and the Gender Pay Gap
description: However, along with impressive scientific advances, have come huge economic and societal costs, many yet to be fully counted. In particular, lockdowns - and all their attendant economic woe - are reversing decades of progress made narrowing the gender pay gap and improving working conditions for women. Largely, this is because women are overrepresented in many of the industries hardest hit by societal shutdown, namely service, retail and entertainment. It’s estimated that 40% of all employed women worldwide, that is 510 million women, work in these sectors. Paid domestic workers - those working for private households - make for an illustrative example. According to ILO statistics, nearly 55 million domestic workers, two thirds of whom are women, have reported being significantly affected by job losses or reductions in working hours and earnings in the last few months alone. In the Global South, many of the problems women have faced stem from their greater reliance on informal employment, employment which often lacks protection by legal and regulatory frameworks, and therefore has left them more vulnerable to the ongoing economic downturn. The ILO’s Global Wage Report 2020/21 provides a broader context. Referring to data collected from over 150 countries, it estimates that, excluding wage subsidies, women globally lost 8.1% of their wages in the second quarter of 2020, compared to 5.4% for men. According to the report, this discrepancy is mainly accounted for by the difference in wage loss due to reduced workings hours: ‘while the average difference in wage bill losses caused by lay-offs was smaller than 0.4 percentage points between women and men, the average wage bill loss due to the drop in workings hours was 6.9% for women compared to 4.7% for men’. Turning to the field of economics, the INOMICS Salary Survey shows that the economists’ experience is not entirely faithful to these broader trends. Of the almost 2000 participants, 38% of male economists reported tha…
disambiguating description: Less than a year on from COVID’s genome sequencing, vaccination programs are being rolled out around the world. And while the pandemic is far from over, it would appear we’re approaching its endgame, arriving there faster than anyone dared hope. The previous fastest ever vaccine to be developed was for Mumps - and that took four years.
date posted: 2021-01-05T12:49:58Z
date modified: 2026-07-03T14:06:34Z
employment type: onsite
language: en
keywords: COVID-19
keywords: William Pearse
keywords: Gender Pay Gap
keywords: coronavirus
keywords: Salary Report 2020
type: blog
disciplines: politics
disciplines: microeconomics
disciplines: publiceconomicspolicy
disciplines: economics
disciplines: macroeconomicsmonetary
disciplines: socialscience
disciplines: labordemographiceconomics
discipline labels: Politics
discipline labels: Microeconomics (JEL D)
discipline labels: Public Economics & Economic Policy (JEL H)
discipline labels: Economics
discipline labels: Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics (JEL E)
discipline labels: Economics and Social Sciences
discipline labels: Labor and Demographic Economics (JEL J)

How Has the COVID-19 Coronavirus Pandemic Affected the Academic Sector?
type: Article
title: How Has the COVID-19 Coronavirus Pandemic Affected the Academic Sector?
description: But the coronavirus has also affected economic sectors differently. How the pandemic hit the private and academic sectors, for example, has been highlighted by the ongoing INOMICS Salary Survey. The full results will be released in early 2020; however, we can already begin analysing which sectors were most affected. A difference of extent Every sector has been affected in some way, whether that means people having had their hours reduced or having lost their jobs completely. For our study, we designate someone as being affected if they either lost their job, their salary or hours were reduced, a contract was not extended or planned promotion was delayed or cancelled. This doesn’t include workers who have moved to remote working but maintained the same contract. However, the private sector has been hit harder than the public. Nearly half of those working in the private sector - 47% - have had their jobs affected by the pandemic, in comparison with precisely one-third of the public sector. But it’s the academic sector which came out the best according to our survey: only 28% of those working in academia reported having had their hours reduced or having lost their jobs as a result of COVID. Specifically, just 3% of those working in academia have been made redundant. 8% have had their hours reduced, and another 8% have had their salaries reduced. This shows that the academic sector is more resilient to the pandemic than both the public and private. Perhaps this is because many teachers have had to continue teaching even if classes moved online. The Anecdotal Evidence Still, the academic sector has experienced other problems. One of our respondents wrote My promotion is postponed because my research has stalled, I cannot go for visiting research stays in universities and research institutes locally and internationally. And without research, my work has been made redundant as I now do mostly teaching, lecturing and administrative work online from home. Some in the sector …
disambiguating description: Although we’ve been told time and again that the pandemic doesn’t care about who you are, in reality it hasn’t affected everyone equally. Senior Editor William Pearse has already written about how COVID-19 has been harder on those from ethnic minorities and on poorer communities in the UK.
date posted: 2020-11-26T22:59:59Z
date modified: 2026-07-03T14:08:19Z
employment type: onsite
language: en
keywords: James Matthew Alston
keywords: salary report 2020
keywords: academia
keywords: academic sector
keywords: student
keywords: professors
keywords: coronavirus
keywords: covid-19
keywords: teaching
keywords: coronavirus covid-19
type: blog
disciplines: economics
disciplines: socialscience
disciplines: business
disciplines: healtheducationwelfareeconomics
disciplines: generaleconomics
discipline labels: Economics
discipline labels: Economics and Social Sciences
discipline labels: Business
discipline labels: Health, Education, and Welfare (JEL I)
discipline labels: General Economics (JEL A)

How has the Economics Job Market Been Affected by the Coronavirus? - Salary Report Introduction
type: Article
title: How has the Economics Job Market Been Affected by the Coronavirus? - Salary Report Introduction
description: INOMICS is in a unique position to survey a broad and engaged subset of economists from a wide range of countries and at a wide variety of career stages. Based on this data, while recognising the limitations of a restricted sample, we are able to make key observations about the overall and regional state of economist salaries, about the extent of gender diversity at different career stages, and about the value of different levels of education in terms of salary later achieved. Over 1,500 economists completed the survey so far, with data collection continuing until the end of December 2020. INOMICS will release the full results of our salary survey in the first half of 2021 as a standalone report. This report will also be slightly different to those we’ve done in the past, in that we also included a section where economists could recount their anecdotal experience of the pandemic. This adds a personal touch to the report. While we work on finalising the results of the overall salary report, in the coming weeks we will discuss some of our preliminary findings from the coronavirus section. This will include commentaries on the geographical discrepancies we found in the severity of the crisis and if and how pre-existing inequalities in the economics job market have been accentuated as a result of the pandemic. Key findings of the salary survey related to the pandemic include: One third of economist jobs have been negatively affected by the Coronavirus Pandemic. This includes being made redundant, having hours or salary reduced, a contract not extended and a scheduled promotion cancelled or delayed. This does not include changes in how people work such as working or teaching from home. 6% of economists said they have lost their job because of the pandemic. Economists in the private sector have been hit harder than those in the public sector or academia. Economists in the Global South have been more affected than those in the Global North. 62% of economists in Africa and …
disambiguating description: In 2020, INOMICS once again carried out its salary survey, examining the state and health of the economics profession worldwide. As in previous years, the survey considered pay, sector, seniority, location, gender and educational background. Our 2020 survey was launched in the spring as cases of coronavirus began to increase exponentially around the world. Consequently, we added new questions related to the coronavirus pandemic to assess the effect of the crisis on economists and economics students.
date posted: 2020-11-23T07:22:24Z
date modified: 2026-07-03T14:09:30Z
employment type: onsite
language: en
keywords: salary report 2020
keywords: econ jobs
keywords: coronavirus
keywords: covid-19
keywords: econ jobs market
keywords: 2020
keywords: economics job market
keywords: pandemic
keywords: economics
keywords: salaries
keywords: economics profession
keywords: salary report
keywords: salary survey
type: blog
disciplines: economics
disciplines: macroeconomicsmonetary
disciplines: socialscience
disciplines: business
disciplines: generaleconomics
discipline labels: Economics
discipline labels: Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics (JEL E)
discipline labels: Economics and Social Sciences
discipline labels: Business
discipline labels: General Economics (JEL A)

Who is Responsible for a Shipping Vessel? Ownership and Scrapping
type: Article
title: Who is Responsible for a Shipping Vessel? Ownership and Scrapping
description: There must be a link between the state on whose behalf the vessel is sailing and the vessel's flag state. But in reality, flag registers, which do not stipulate the registration of shipping companies, benefit from convenient financial benefits and lower taxes. All this is partly regulated by private companies, 'helping' shipowners to change their flag to a more advantageous one when they want to. It also helps shipowners to obtain lower taxes and lighter regulatory burdens. According to UNCTAD data, almost 73% of the world's fleet sail under flags of the states other than the actual owner of the ship. This is why there is a great deal of dissonance between the countries where the real shipowners are located and the flag states exercising regulatory control over the international fleet. Check out our job listings The choice of the flag state where the ship makes her last voyage to be scrapped calls for special attention. In most cases, vessels sail to the beaches of South Asia instead of ship recycling facilities elsewhere. No wonder many end-of-life ships are already wearing the flags of Asian countries. In addition, most of these flags are already blacklisted in the Paris Memorandum of Understanding (MOU). These flags also usually indicate poor compliance with international maritime standards. Several of South Asia's beaches offer a 'last voyage' package, which includes quick registration and no nationality requirements to be met. Who benefits? If a ship had to be recycled in European ports in compliance with all the required environmental and toll requirements, it would be quite expensive and disadvantageous for many private companies. According to the data published by the NGO Shipbreaking Platform in 2019, 674 ocean-going vessels and offshore units were sold for scrap metal. Of these ships, 469 large tankers, bunkers, floating platforms, cargo and passenger ships were dismantled. They are mainly delivered to three coast lines: Bangladesh, India and Pakistan, acc…
disambiguating description: The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) stipulates that the primary responsibility for vessels lies with the flag state of the vessel. Consequently, this means that each merchant vessel must be registered under the flag of a specific state. The flag state of the vessel is responsible for the inspection of the vessel and compliance with safety, pollution prevention, crew certification and international standards.
date posted: 2020-11-16T23:00:00Z
date modified: 2026-07-03T14:10:26Z
employment type: onsite
language: en
keywords: ships
keywords: shipping industry
keywords: freight shipping
type: blog
disciplines: internationaleconomics
disciplines: economics
disciplines: socialscience
disciplines: business
disciplines: industrialorganization
disciplines: urbanruraltransportationeconomics
discipline labels: International Economics (JEL F)
discipline labels: Economics
discipline labels: Economics and Social Sciences
discipline labels: Business
discipline labels: Industrial Organization (JEL L)
discipline labels: Urban, Rural and Transportation Economics (JEL R)

8 Halloween Costumes for Economists
type: Article
title: 8 Halloween Costumes for Economists
description: Halloween is probably one of the best occasions to demonstrate how seriously you take yourself (or not!) and how far your creativity can go to show it. If you think that Halloween is below your intellectual level, well, they say that even Paul Krugman threw one economics-themed party, where “two guests came as Asian tigers, several came as hedge funds, one woman came as capital, dressed as a column..." Browse our PhD listings for more opportunities In keeping with the season, we have put together a short list of ideas, collected from various econ-related source (like a Halloween Edition from Economists Do It With Models), which may be useful if you are attending a Halloween party full of like-minded economists. 1. EconoTroll Take a look at this well-known post from Noah Smith about EconoTrolls and you may be surprised by the amount of ideas for Halloween costumes. In his witty blog post from last year, not only has Noah categorized all possible species of trolls in the econ blogosphere, but also explicitly illustrated them. Don’t miss out on the comments either. 2. Your favourite “evil” economist It might sound easy, but creating a good costume of a real person is an art that is hard to master. Although anyone can buy a mask of Ben Bernanke, only a few would be able to depict his persona in an allegoric way. To succeed: think of the most “infamous” policies or just a tiny character detail anyone would recognize about that person and play around them. 3. Economics theory & concepts There is no need to be creative if the great thinkers have already done it for you. Any economics textbook has a whole host of ideas for Halloween costumes – just read all the definitions literally. Invisible hand, indifference curve, price elasticity, budget constraint … it is a list without end. 4. Financial crisis related Financial crisis has become a buzzword, referred to by individuals regardless of profession and status. So if your Halloween party-mates happen to come from outside of…
disambiguating description: In keeping with the season, we have put together a short list of ideas, collected from various economics-related source, which may be useful if you are attending a Halloween party full of like-minded economists.
date posted: 2018-10-25T23:00:00Z
date modified: 2026-07-03T14:11:56Z
employment type: onsite
language: en
keywords: economics
keywords: Jokes
keywords: Blogs
keywords: Halloween
keywords: Humour
type: blog
disciplines: economics
disciplines: socialscience
disciplines: business
disciplines: management
disciplines: generaleconomics
discipline labels: Economics
discipline labels: Economics and Social Sciences
discipline labels: Business
discipline labels: Management
discipline labels: General Economics (JEL A)

Can Economics Prevent War?
type: Article
title: Can Economics Prevent War?
description: Yes, because economic sanctions provide an alternative to military action One of the primary arguments for economics as a method of preventing war is that it provides alternative mechanisms for nation states to respond to each other without necessitating military involvement. Both nation-states and international bodies such as the UN have tools for censuring other nations that are behaving dangerously, without having to engage military tactics as a first step. For example, if a nation is behaving aggressively towards its neighbours and threatening to destabilize an area, then other nations can impose economic sanctions as a first step rather than sending in troops straight away. Economic sanctions can include trade barriers, higher tariffs, or restrictions on financial transactions. In more serious cases, an embargo or trade ban can prevent trade between the nations entirely. The nation which is the subject of the sanctions will certainly experience a drop in trade, which will negatively impact their growth and development. Additionally, they may come to be seen as a pariah on the international stage. For these reasons, a nation may decide to curb its aggressive behaviour in order for sanctions to be lifted, all without risking the loss of life or military operations. Yes, because global economic interdependence necessitates peace Connected to the use of economic sanctions is the concept of economic interdependence. The idea is that as our world becomes increasingly globalized, nations rely on each other more and more. States rely on each other even for essential tasks like food production, where large quantities of basic foodstuffs may be imported from other locations around the globe. Certainly, this is true in business, when huge multinational corporations have offices or points along their supply chain in many different countries. This is termed economic interdependence. This means that for both the political leaders of nations and for many business people livin…
disambiguating description: Is economics a useful tool for maintaining peace? Can nations use economic policies to avoid war? With globalization an established fact of modern politics, this question is more important than ever. In this piece, we'll consider arguments both for and against.
date posted: 2018-11-26T12:19:49Z
date modified: 2026-07-03T14:14:05Z
employment type: onsite
language: en
keywords: economics
keywords: peace
keywords: Georgina Torbet
keywords: war
keywords: sanctions
type: blog
disciplines: politics
disciplines: internationaleconomics
disciplines: economics
disciplines: socialscience
disciplines: economicthoughtmethodology
discipline labels: Politics
discipline labels: International Economics (JEL F)
discipline labels: Economics
discipline labels: Economics and Social Sciences
discipline labels: Economic Thought & Methodology (JEL B)

Alarming Trend due to COVID-19 – Maritime Piracy on the Rise
type: Article
title: Alarming Trend due to COVID-19 – Maritime Piracy on the Rise
description: It is more difficult for poorer countries to fight piracy, as the global pandemic has further weakened their economies. In 2019, it seemed to everyone that there was a decline in maritime piracy, with the lowest number of attacks in the world in 25 years. However, this year showed the opposite. The global pandemic did not weaken the occupation, but allowed it to flourish again. This, in turn, opened up new opportunities for maritime piracy. Due to restrictions, low trade and diseases, there are fewer crew members on board. Reduced global consumer spending means a drop in trade, which gives companies less revenue to provide greater protection on board ships, such as armaments or other equipment against attacks. As a result, ships are likely to become an easier target for sea pirates. Check out our job listings Profile of a pirate from our century Nowadays, pirates do not sail with big ships, do not wear tricorn hats like in movies and do not fly pirate flags. Modern sea pirates travel in small high-speed motorboats. Their goal is to stop quickly and rob a slower ship. Pirates are usually well-armed with firearms. The pirates aim to hijack parts, oil, crew members' personal valuables, and communication equipment - anything that can later be sold on the black market for money. In more severe cases, pirates take the ship's crew hostage for later ransom. One third of pirate attacks take place on large container ships and tankers. This type of attack is usually planned in advance, but ships are observed and tracked. One of the reasons for robbery is that criminals need resources and weapons for their fights on land, which is why ships passing by or nearby are robbed. Which countries are affected? A lot of maritime piracy affects poor countries with weak economies, weak leaders, poverty and official corruption. These include South America, Venezuela, Brazil, West Africa, Nigeria, Somalia, Yemen, Guinea, etc. These countries are also experiencing a particularly high outbrea…
disambiguating description: Speaking of current issues under the influence of COVID-19, events on the water, or sea, which is another parallel world with its written and unwritten laws, are somewhat undeservedly forgotten. Looking at the latest data, we need to talk about a very worrying trend over the last year. Although global maritime piracy is not as high as between 2009 and 2012, in 2020 the number of pirate attacks and attempts has increased by 24% compared to 2019.
date posted: 2020-10-07T10:31:04Z
date modified: 2026-07-07T09:28:17Z
language: en
keywords: piracy
keywords: coronavirus covid-19
keywords: maritime piracy
type: blog
disciplines: internationaleconomics
disciplines: economics
disciplines: socialscience
disciplines: business
disciplines: laweconomics
disciplines: economicdevelopmentgrowth
disciplines: healtheducationwelfareeconomics
disciplines: urbanruraltransportationeconomics
discipline labels: International Economics (JEL F)
discipline labels: Economics
discipline labels: Economics and Social Sciences
discipline labels: Business
discipline labels: Law and Economics (JEL K)
discipline labels: Economic Development, Innovation and Growth (JEL O)
discipline labels: Health, Education, and Welfare (JEL I)
discipline labels: Urban, Rural and Transportation Economics (JEL R)

Which countries own the world's largest container ships?
type: Article
title: Which countries own the world's largest container ships?
description: Leader – Panama According to the available global data, Panama currently has the largest number of ships with a capacity of more than 20,000 TEU, with at least 20 such ships, and about 10 more ships with a capacity of up to 20,000 TEU. This is quite a triumph in the international container shipping arena. Why is that? Panama is a transcontinental country in Central and South America. The Panama Canal is an economically important geographical location for the country, generating millions of dollars in tolls for the national economy and providing huge employment, as well as a significant share of Panama's GDP. Its economy has grown steadily over the past decade, making Panama the country with the highest GDP per capita in the region. The transfer of the canal and military facilities to the United States has led to major construction projects. The expansion of the Panama Canal, the large foreign and domestic investment and its strong logistics industry make sea freight to Panama a safe investment, as it is generally assessed by risk rating agencies. In total, Panama has five seaport areas: Panamas City, Manzanillo, Balboa, Colon, and Cristobal. These seaports export and import $16,000 and $17,000 million, which is the annual value of Panama's foreign trade. Due to its central geographic location, Panama's economy is mainly based on a well-developed service sector, in particular trade and tourism, which are important and growing sectors. Therefore, Panama is considered a high-income country. In addition, in politics, Panama is one of the founders of the United Nations and other international organizations such as the OAS, LAIA, G77, WHO and NAM. The world's largest container ships are also owned by Hong Kong and Denmark Hong Kong is the next largest container ship leader in the world. At least 17 of the world's largest container ships are owned by Hong Kong, but both Hong Kong and China are among the shipping operators of these ships. Hong Kong is one of the most densel…
disambiguating description: According to the International Chamber of Shipping, more than 50,000 container ships are currently active in the oceans. These are large vessels that carry cargo in closed containers. The capacity of a container ship is measured in twenty-foot equivalent units (TEU), while a vessel with a capacity of more than 20,000 TEU is defined as a very large container ship.
date posted: 2020-09-29T08:00:00Z
date modified: 2026-07-07T09:29:44Z
language: en
keywords: container industry
keywords: shipping industry
keywords: freight transport
type: blog
disciplines: politics
disciplines: internationaleconomics
disciplines: publiceconomicspolicy
disciplines: economics
disciplines: socialscience
disciplines: business
disciplines: laweconomics
disciplines: urbanruraltransportationeconomics
discipline labels: Politics
discipline labels: International Economics (JEL F)
discipline labels: Public Economics & Economic Policy (JEL H)
discipline labels: Economics
discipline labels: Economics and Social Sciences
discipline labels: Business
discipline labels: Law and Economics (JEL K)
discipline labels: Urban, Rural and Transportation Economics (JEL R)

Statistics in Sport
type: Article
title: Statistics in Sport
description: Although referencing football – specifically, the English variety - the sentiment was also thought applicable to sport more generally. Because eye-catching qualities like creativity and flair are difficult to quantify, the consensus was that judgement of sporting prowess was best left to those well-versed in said sport - in the majority of cases, former players. Certainly, the very notion that statisticians had anything to contribute in terms of team selection, acquisition, or even strategy was given little consideration. Statistical Analysis, the Roots In the UK, this began to change in the 1990s, when - as documented in the New Statesmen - undergrads at Lancaster University analysed, in-depth, goal-scoring probability in a hypothetical football match. While rudimentary in its technique, the analysis attracted the attention of more senior statisticians, namely Stuart Coles, who then expanded on the students' findings. His resultant work was to have far-reaching consequences. Across the pond, a similar development was already underway. This one, however, was to be even more transformative, radically altering the way certain sports, particularly baseball, were conceived. Owing to its easily isolated ‘one-on-one’ contests - pitcher v batter, for example - baseball lends itself well to statistical analysis. Indeed, the use of sabermetrics, ‘the empirical statistical analysis of baseball’, has been employed in some capacity ever since the sport was first professionalised. Its current use, though, both its universality and sophisticated nature, has its roots in Billy Beane’s tenure as General Manager (GM) of the Oakland Athletics, and his now much-famed ‘Moneyball Effect’. The 'Moneyball' Effect As GM of the (relatively) cash-strapped Oakland A’s, Beane’s innovative approach was the perfect manifestation of necessity being the mother of invention. With no way to meet compete with the spending power of their deep-pocketed rivals, Beane adopted an analytical, ‘sabermetric’…
disambiguating description: ‘Chance dominates the game’ concluded C. Reep and B. Benjamin in their 1968 study ‘Skill and Chance in Association Football’ - and not without consequence. Until recently, this statement stood as received wisdom, the phrase deemed self-evident, its veracity left unquestioned. Predictions based on statistics were a folly they said, the game was ‘too fluid, too unpredictable’.
date posted: 2018-12-29T09:53:00Z
date modified: 2026-07-07T09:31:02Z
employment type: onsite
language: en
keywords: statistics in sports
keywords: economics
keywords: basketball
keywords: William Pearse
keywords: baseball
keywords: sport
keywords: statistics
type: blog
disciplines: othereconomics
disciplines: economics
disciplines: socialscience
disciplines: management
disciplines: statistics
discipline labels: Other Special Economics Topics (JEL Z)
discipline labels: Economics
discipline labels: Economics and Social Sciences
discipline labels: Management
discipline labels: Statistics

Inventory of hazardous substances in container vessels: another necessary but bureaucratic burden for carriers
type: Article
title: Inventory of hazardous substances in container vessels: another necessary but bureaucratic burden for carriers
description: In addition, as early as the end of this year, from 31 December 2020, in accordance with the European Union Ship Recycling Regulations (EUSRR), ships of 500 gross tonnage and upwards with the EU member state flag and all other ships, regardless of country of origin, will be required to keep an inventory of hazardous substances and materials (IHM) when visiting an EU or European Economic Area (EEA) port. New European ships and EU-flagged ships which are being dismantled must have this list of hazardous materials (IHM), inspected by the relevant administration or authority, indicating the location and approximate quantity of these materials. Check out our engineering jobs listings COVID-19 is stirring things up However, as a result of the COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic, many ship-owners may not be able to complete the required Inventory of Hazardous Materials (IHM) before the deadline. To this end the British and International Maritime Council (BIMCO) recommends that its members firstly develop an IHM on older ships. Older ships are usually recycled more quickly, and such planning will show that ship-owners are proactive in meeting the requirements of the new EU regulations. In addition, as members of BIMCO, www.strategies.lv has already written to the European Commission and asked for favourable conditions for all parties concerned regarding the deadlines for shipping companies to complete the IHM process while dealing with COVID-19 limitations and outages. The letter also includes a set of industry guidelines on compliance with EU ship recycling regulations and the establishment of an inventory of hazardous materials, which BIMCO members are encouraged to use. It is now known that the new regulation will affect approximately 137 (58%) of the 236 BIMCO member vessels. Only 33 ships have completed their work on this, while the rest are in various stages of development in an attempt to meet these new requirements. www.strategies.lv is propounding streamlining of the sys…
disambiguating description: The European Union (EU) is working very hard to make ship recycling greener and safer in the future. It is quite clear that the dismantling of ships in many parts of South Asia in its current state is not acceptable, either from an environmental or a social point of view. Ship recycling regulations, adopted seven years ago, are finally gathering pace now. In particular, the regulation firstly prohibits or restricts the installation and use of hazardous materials such as asbestos or ozone depleting substances on board ships.
date posted: 2020-09-03T07:00:00Z
date modified: 2026-07-07T09:32:25Z
language: en
keywords: freight
keywords: shipping industry
keywords: freight transport
type: blog
disciplines: manufacturingengineering
disciplines: mechatronicsrobotics
disciplines: civilengineering
disciplines: processlogisticsengineering
disciplines: geoagriculturalengineering
disciplines: safetysystemsengineering
disciplines: laweconomics
disciplines: qualityengineering
disciplines: materialsmetallurgicalengineering
disciplines: chemicalengineering
disciplines: electricalelectronicsengineering
disciplines: aerospaceengineering
disciplines: industrialengineering
disciplines: engineeringbusiness
disciplines: internationaleconomics
disciplines: generalengineering
disciplines: socialscience
disciplines: environmentalenergyengineering
disciplines: business
disciplines: architectualengineering
disciplines: structuralengineering
disciplines: constructionengineering
disciplines: projectengineering
disciplines: urbanruraltransportationeconomics
disciplines: engineeringdesign
disciplines: miningmineralsengineering
disciplines: economics
disciplines: automotiveengineering
disciplines: mechanicalengineering
discipline labels: Manufacturing Engineering
discipline labels: Mechatronics & Robotics
discipline labels: Civil Engineering
discipline labels: Process & Logistics Engineering
discipline labels: Geo & Agricultural Engineering
discipline labels: Safety & Systems Engineering
discipline labels: Law and Economics (JEL K)
discipline labels: Quality Engineering
discipline labels: Materials & Metallurgical Engineering
discipline labels: Chemical Engineering
discipline labels: Electrical & Electronics Engineering
discipline labels: Aerospace Engineering
discipline labels: Industrial Engineering
discipline labels: Engineering & Business
discipline labels: International Economics (JEL F)
discipline labels: General Engineering
discipline labels: Economics and Social Sciences
discipline labels: Environmental & Energy Engineering
discipline labels: Business
discipline labels: Architectural Engineering
discipline labels: Structural Engineering
discipline labels: Construction Engineering
discipline labels: Project Engineering
discipline labels: Urban, Rural and Transportation Economics (JEL R)
discipline labels: Engineering Design
discipline labels: Mining & Minerals Engineering
discipline labels: Economics
discipline labels: Automotive Engineering
discipline labels: Mechanical Engineering

Freight container market needs a two-year recovery period
type: Article
title: Freight container market needs a two-year recovery period
description: At first, everyone thought that this was just a problem for China: a significant reduction in manpower, the closure of factories and shipyards, but, as the events unfolded, it was already clear that this was a global crisis. Various restrictions have led to labor shortages in all segments of China's shipping industry, which in turn has affected trade, and this decline is the sharpest in 16 years. China is a major player in the international trade chain, with the most active and important shipping container ports in the world. Although the country was the first to be hit by the coronavirus, it is one of the first to embark on a recovery path, while the rest of the world is still overcome by uncertainty and chaos about the future scenario. Check out our engineering jobs listings Surplus cargo - a major problem in the shipping industry As a result of the economic consequences of the coronavirus, the volume of cargo imported into the USA also decreased significantly - by 12.5%. These retail figures sharply reflect the extent to which domestic consumption of goods has declined, but it will take a long time to recover to pre-coronavirus levels. The United States has also imposed strict restrictions on ships entering Chinese ports by imposing strict crew and ship surveillance. According to the coast guard guidelines, the ship's crew is currently required to have a 14 day quarantine period. These requirements are causing a significant drop in trading activity, which is halting the progress of industry processes. Another trend that is exacerbating the transport market as a whole is the increase in demand for small vessels, while large vessels are experiencing a sharp drop in chartering tariffs on the main long-haul routes with the most delays. With container vessels at a standstill, a new record of -2.65 million TEU was reached in the spring of this year, driven by the transport of semi-empty or virtually empty vessels. Baltic and International Maritime Council (BIMCO) expec…
disambiguating description: The COVID-19 crisis has hit hard enough and continues to affect the global container shipping market. The current economic situation does not give much hope for a short-term recovery of this market. Demand for container shipments has fallen sharply, especially as China closed much of its plants in February 2020. The volume of production or cargo to be exported to other countries plummeted. The situation was exacerbated by a number of restrictions and requirements in almost every industry and in the world's ports.
date posted: 2020-09-01T13:15:24Z
date modified: 2024-06-04T21:22:38Z
language: en
keywords: shipping
keywords: freight
keywords: shipping industry
keywords: freight transport
type: blog
disciplines: manufacturingengineering
disciplines: mechatronicsrobotics
disciplines: healtheducationwelfareeconomics
disciplines: civilengineering
disciplines: processlogisticsengineering
disciplines: geoagriculturalengineering
disciplines: safetysystemsengineering
disciplines: qualityengineering
disciplines: materialsmetallurgicalengineering
disciplines: chemicalengineering
disciplines: electricalelectronicsengineering
disciplines: industrialorganization
disciplines: aerospaceengineering
disciplines: industrialengineering
disciplines: engineeringbusiness
disciplines: internationaleconomics
disciplines: generalengineering
disciplines: socialscience
disciplines: environmentalenergyengineering
disciplines: architectualengineering
disciplines: structuralengineering
disciplines: constructionengineering
disciplines: projectengineering
disciplines: urbanruraltransportationeconomics
disciplines: engineeringdesign
disciplines: miningmineralsengineering
disciplines: economics
disciplines: automotiveengineering
disciplines: mechanicalengineering
discipline labels: Manufacturing Engineering
discipline labels: Mechatronics & Robotics
discipline labels: Health, Education, and Welfare (JEL I)
discipline labels: Civil Engineering
discipline labels: Process & Logistics Engineering
discipline labels: Geo & Agricultural Engineering
discipline labels: Safety & Systems Engineering
discipline labels: Quality Engineering
discipline labels: Materials & Metallurgical Engineering
discipline labels: Chemical Engineering
discipline labels: Electrical & Electronics Engineering
discipline labels: Industrial Organization (JEL L)
discipline labels: Aerospace Engineering
discipline labels: Industrial Engineering
discipline labels: Engineering & Business
discipline labels: International Economics (JEL F)
discipline labels: General Engineering
discipline labels: Economics and Social Sciences
discipline labels: Environmental & Energy Engineering
discipline labels: Architectural Engineering
discipline labels: Structural Engineering
discipline labels: Construction Engineering
discipline labels: Project Engineering
discipline labels: Urban, Rural and Transportation Economics (JEL R)
discipline labels: Engineering Design
discipline labels: Mining & Minerals Engineering
discipline labels: Economics
discipline labels: Automotive Engineering
discipline labels: Mechanical Engineering

Depression and Anxiety on the University Campus
type: Article
title: Depression and Anxiety on the University Campus
description: Scarier than all this, though, is the real truth: that it’s not just college students, but all young people. Vindication for this comes from the conclusions of a psychiatric report from 2008 which found young people of student age but who don’t attend college to be equally as likely to suffer from some kind of psychiatric disorder as their college-going counterparts. Non-college attending individuals were more likely to self-medicate with drugs, whereas college students were at a higher risk of having some kind of alcohol misuse disorder. Among the initial sample of over 43,000 respondents, nearly one-half met the criteria for a psychiatric disorder. It’s glaringly obvious there’s a mental health crisis among young people. But why? Money, drugs, and TLC The reasons for this crisis are manifold and complex. The aforementioned 2008 study found that among both young adults of college-going age and the general population as a whole, loss of social support was a heavily contributing element in an increase in risk for psychiatric disorders. Another obvious explanation specific to university-goers could be the pressures students are put under to study long and hard and perform well, troubles mirrored among the non-student population in job insecurity, financial worries and the stress of the 9 to 5. Students are expected to deal not only with their studies, but also the stresses of moving away from home, living somewhere new, being thrust into a community of total strangers, and managing their own finances, all similar worries for young people attempting to purchase their first property and find a decent job. Moreover, n places like the United Kingdom and America, university fees are preposterously high, meaning many students live under financial strain and work part-time jobs – another pressure. But these aren’t the only factors. Said stresses have changed little over time; half a century ago, students were still under pressure to perform well in their exams in an unfamili…
disambiguating description: In recent years, an epidemic has enveloped university campuses across the world - and it's not the COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic. Compared to any other generation of college students in history, current students experience more mental health issues than ever before. Some reports suggest that 35% of freshers in American universities experience anxiety disorders - and this percentage is compounded by the fact that, terrifyingly, nearly 10% of students have considered suicide in the previous twelve months. Since the 1950s, rates of suicides on American campuses have tripled, and it’s now the second most common cause of death among students. In the United Kingdom alone, a student commits suicide every four days.
date posted: 2019-03-21T08:00:00Z
date modified: 2026-07-07T09:33:44Z
employment type: onsite
language: en
keywords: James Matthew Alston
keywords: universities
keywords: mental health
keywords: depression
type: blog
disciplines: economics
disciplines: socialscience
disciplines: business
disciplines: management
disciplines: healtheducationwelfareeconomics
disciplines: civilengineering
disciplines: generaleconomics
discipline labels: Economics
discipline labels: Economics and Social Sciences
discipline labels: Business
discipline labels: Management
discipline labels: Health, Education, and Welfare (JEL I)
discipline labels: Civil Engineering
discipline labels: General Economics (JEL A)

The Lives and Livelihoods Fund
type: Article
title: The Lives and Livelihoods Fund
description: Download the INOMICS Handbook With 11 years left to 2030, there is a sense of urgency and a recognition that innovative approaches are necessary to overcome the challenges IsDB Member Countries face in reaching the SDGs. This is where The Lives and Livelihoods Fund (LLF) comes in. Launched in 2016, the LLF is the product of a unique partnership model that provides highly concessional financing up to US$2.5 billion. It does so by combining the ordinary financing of the IsDB with donated grants from the King Salman Humanitarian Aid and Relief Centre (KSRelief) in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, the Qatar Fund for Development (QFFD), the Abu Dhabi Fund for Development (ADFD), the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, the Islamic Solidarity Fund for Development (ISFD), and the UK’s Department for International Development. Recipient low-income member countries pay back the IsDB while donors indirectly cover the markup rate under IsDB financing, in doing so dramatically reducing the cost of borrowing. The LLF, a bonded partnership compact between some of the biggest development organizations in the Gulf, targets the key drivers of poverty in the most marginalized Muslim populations. In particular, it seeks to address critical needs in health (specifically, primary healthcare & infectious disease control) agriculture (smallholder farmers’ production & productivity), and basic infrastructure. The development impact of LLF investments is maximized further by combining technical support from international donors, innovative implementation models involving the private sector, and a special Project Preparation and Implementation Facility (PPIF). The PPIF is devoted to increasing the relevance, readiness and results (the 3Rs) of projects eligible for LLF funding, measuring them against a refined criteria for selection, and thus laying the foundations from which millions of lives can be saved and livelihoods secured. Thanks to the relentless efforts of the LLF Management Unit, in close …
disambiguating description: Four years ago, the world adopted an ambitious set of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) designed ‘to end poverty, protect the planet and ensure that all people enjoy peace and prosperity by 2030’. Despite rising life expectancy and the eradication of many endemic diseases, more than 400 million people in the member states of the Islamic Development Bank (IsDB) still live in absolute poverty, subsisting on less than US$1.90 per day. It is, perhaps, these countries that face the greatest challenges in fulfilling the SDGs. Traditional methods of development finance have struggled to alleviate the extreme poverty in some regions of the world, leaving the poorest populations without the basic building blocks needed to lead healthy lives and build dignified livelihoods. Many remain deprived of primary healthcare, protection against infectious diseases, a sufficient and nutritious food supply, potable water, clean power, and sanitation.
date posted: 2020-08-03T09:58:38Z
date modified: 2026-07-07T09:34:42Z
language: en
keywords: development
keywords: poverty
keywords: sustainability
type: blog
disciplines: politics
disciplines: microeconomics
disciplines: publiceconomicspolicy
disciplines: economics
disciplines: macroeconomicsmonetary
disciplines: socialscience
disciplines: economicdevelopmentgrowth
disciplines: healtheducationwelfareeconomics
disciplines: finance
discipline labels: Politics
discipline labels: Microeconomics (JEL D)
discipline labels: Public Economics & Economic Policy (JEL H)
discipline labels: Economics
discipline labels: Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics (JEL E)
discipline labels: Economics and Social Sciences
discipline labels: Economic Development, Innovation and Growth (JEL O)
discipline labels: Health, Education, and Welfare (JEL I)
discipline labels: Finance

How the Coronavirus Pandemic Broke the Commercial Freight Transport Sector
type: Article
title: How the Coronavirus Pandemic Broke the Commercial Freight Transport Sector
description: China is the driving force of the shipping sector, and therefore the state of this sector is closely connected to China’s plight, which is a significant trade partner of many countries, as well as the leading shipbuilder; furthermore, the world’s busiest and most important container ports are located in China. Major shipping volumes from China, which recently flooded the world, have stopped along with the idle standing of industry in China. Moreover, every country has introduced its own transport regulations. This enormous chain of logistics, which started in China in the transport sector, was cut drastically by the pandemic, causing serious and already irreversible consequences in the global shipping sector. Check out more INOMICS blog posts Due to various current restrictions, individual ports returned the freight containers to the ports of origin. As recession set in and demand and supply decreased, a response to the ongoing idle standing in the Chinese ports. Since China is also a significant importer of crude oil, nationwide downturn in economic activity had a negative effect on demand for the crude oil tankers. Overall, capacity of China in ports decreased by 20% to 50%. Lack of labour in Chinese maritime segments simultaneously affected the whole trade. Percentage drop was inevitable According to the optimistic scenario of the World Trade Organisation, in 2020, demand for container transport will decrease by 10%. According to the Baltic and International Maritime Council (BIMCO) data, global container transport decreased by 5.1% in the first quarter, and, compared to last year, these volumes dropped by 2.1 million Twenty Foot Equivalent Unit (TEU) to 38.2 million tons TEU. Export along key routes from East Asia to Europe decreased by 12.0% in the 1st quarter, to Northern America by 9.4%. The number of orders of new container ships has also decreased by 36.8% - down to 153,422 TEU compared to last year. Idle standing of fleets remains very high. Falling intere…
disambiguating description: Coronavirus has had a broad impact on the global economy. Particularly affected were the tourism, trade and industrial sectors, including the export and import markets. Demand for and consumption of goods decreased, and so did the international freight transport sector. The COVID-19 crisis continues to severely affect the container transport market and the current economic situation gives no hope for short-term recovery.
date posted: 2020-07-21T07:00:00Z
date modified: 2026-07-07T09:35:57Z
language: en
keywords: shipping
keywords: coronavirus
keywords: covid-19
keywords: corona
type: blog
disciplines: internationaleconomics
disciplines: economics
disciplines: socialscience
disciplines: business
disciplines: healtheducationwelfareeconomics
disciplines: industrialorganization
disciplines: urbanruraltransportationeconomics
discipline labels: International Economics (JEL F)
discipline labels: Economics
discipline labels: Economics and Social Sciences
discipline labels: Business
discipline labels: Health, Education, and Welfare (JEL I)
discipline labels: Industrial Organization (JEL L)
discipline labels: Urban, Rural and Transportation Economics (JEL R)