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number of items: 20
total items: 2597
item list element: Encouraging collaboration in teaching data analysis skills
item list element: Market Failure
item list element: Private Goods
item list element: How (and why) can we embed employability within economics degrees?
item list element: Free Rider Problem
item list element: Working in the USA: How to apply for a work visa after graduation
item list element: Studying in the USA: How to apply for a student visa
item list element: Public Goods
item list element: 2023 Nobel Prize in Economics - The Winner
item list element: Common Resources
item list element: Insights into Central Banking Careers with Dr. Gómez-Pineda
item list element: A gentle introduction to LaTeX for economists
item list element: Quantity Surveyor
item list element: Why So Serious? 10 Hilarious Economics Jokes to Lighten the Mood
item list element: The Job Outlook for Economists in the US
item list element: Scientists rejoice: the UK rejoins the Horizon Europe programme
item list element: John Maynard Keynes
item list element: How To Find The Right Exchange Program
item list element: The INOMICS Questionnaire: Fratzscher vs Wursten
item list element: Club Goods
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Encouraging collaboration in teaching data analysis skills
type: Article
title: Encouraging collaboration in teaching data analysis skills
description: We propose three tips on how to successfully encourage collaboration between students in learning data analysis for applied courses: (i) design engaging teaching materials, (ii) get students to work in pairs during classes, (iii) use peer feedback for formative assessments. How to prepare: Engaging teaching materials Figure 1: Cheat sheet used in a session on data analysis and visualisations in Python for complete beginners (Image Credit: Author Generated / Economics Network) First, when choosing the materials, it is key to use real world datasets that are relevant for your students and that they will be interested in exploring further. In this way, even the process of data cleaning, which is quite feared by many students, can turn into a more engaging exercise. Second, during the applied classes (or labs), ask students to solve new exercises that they haven’t seen beforehand. Third, it is important to design cheat sheets that students can use in class, to enhance autonomy during the sessions. This enables students to develop their technical skills and focus on the exercise, rather than spend the session struggling to discover basic commands they need to employ. A cheat sheet also acts as a revision aid for students later. Thus, these cheat sheets should include the key commands (or functions) needed to tackle the exercises. Rather than making this a long list of commands, set up examples that students can follow easily. Then, it is up to them to find the commands from the cheat sheet that are relevant to each exercise. We have included an example of a cheat sheet used during a session on data analysis and visualisations in Python for complete beginners (Figure 1). Students were provided the cheat sheet and given a set of exercises, using a completely different dataset. How to deliver: Work in pairs in classes To facilitate the use of cheat sheets, get students to work in pairs. Pair programming is widely used by data scientists in industry for coding tasks: two peo…
disambiguating description: Given the increase in data availability worldwide and the surge in demand for data literacy in the labour market, more and more economics courses are including data analysis skills in their intended learning outcomes. As a result, helping students to develop these skills in the classroom is increasingly important for economics educators.
date posted: 2023-11-17T22:59:59Z
date modified: 2026-07-29T13:55:16Z
employment type: onsite
language: en
keywords: Stefania Simion
keywords: teaching economics
keywords: teaching data analysis skills
keywords: Economics Network
keywords: data analysis skills
keywords: teaching resources
keywords: Annika Johnson
keywords: Anastasia Papadopoulou
keywords: Python
type: teach
disciplines: economics
disciplines: socialscience
disciplines: datascience
disciplines: generaleconomics
disciplines: economicthoughtmethodology
discipline labels: Economics
discipline labels: Economics and Social Sciences
discipline labels: Data Science
discipline labels: General Economics (JEL A)
discipline labels: Economic Thought & Methodology (JEL B)

Market Failure
type: CreativeWork
title: Market Failure
description: Sometimes, but not always, this involves making a Pareto improvement. For example, consider a market that under-produces a good or service that does not exhibit any externalities. If production was increased, overall social welfare would increase with no negative consequences. Market failure signifies that the sum of individuals’ self-interested actions have caused the market to reach an outcome that is not in the best interest of everyone involved. This is called market “failure” because typically, Adam Smith’s “invisible hand” does lead individuals’ self-interested actions to reach the socially optimal outcome in a market, as Smith famously observed. Paul Krugman and Robin Wells put it this way in their seminal text Macroeconomics: “...market failure […] happens when the individual pursuit of oneʼs own interest, instead of promoting the interests of society as a whole, actually makes society worse off.” It’s important to note that in the cases of both market failure and market efficiency, individuals are assumed to be rational. In other words, market failure does not result from individuals acting “incorrectly”, but rather from the best privately optimal decision(s) becoming misaligned with the best choice(s) for overall societal well-being. There are many potential causes of market failure. These include the presence of externalities, asymmetric information, market power (like monopoly or oligopoly), government overreach, recessionary pressures, and more. Most of these causes have something in common (with the exception of macroeconomic phenomena like recessions and bad government): they cause individual’s incentives to become misaligned with the socially optimal outcome. Market failure in economic theory Although it is widely agreed in the modern era that markets do fail, the reasons they fail and the strategies to correct them are important sources of ideological differentiation between economic schools of thought. In classical economic theory, market failure i…
disambiguating description: “Market failure” is a term that economists use to describe a market that is not functioning optimally. This is typically measured in terms of social welfare. Market failure in economics means that there’s a better outcome the market could achieve, one that would lead to an increase in social welfare.
date posted: 2023-11-16T17:29:36Z
date modified: 2024-03-21T13:50:22Z
employment type: onsite
language: en
keywords: market failure
keywords: externalities
keywords: deadweight loss
keywords: market equilibrium
keywords: Sean McClung
keywords: government intervention
keywords: Economics Terms A-Z
type: terms
disciplines: microeconomics
disciplines: publiceconomicspolicy
disciplines: economics
disciplines: macroeconomicsmonetary
disciplines: socialscience
disciplines: generaleconomics
disciplines: businesseconomics
discipline labels: Microeconomics (JEL D)
discipline labels: Public Economics & Economic Policy (JEL H)
discipline labels: Economics
discipline labels: Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics (JEL E)
discipline labels: Economics and Social Sciences
discipline labels: General Economics (JEL A)
discipline labels: Business Economics (JEL M)

Private Goods
type: CreativeWork
title: Private Goods
description: Private goods in economics are goods that are both excludable and rivalrous. This means that if one person uses the good, it reduces others’ ability to enjoy the good. And, consumers can be prevented from accessing the good if they don’t pay for it. This is the most common type of good, and often what most people think of when they think about goods in economics. Private goods include most goods and services that one can purchase: new shoes, a house, a pretzel, a concert ticket, and a beach towel are all examples of pure private goods. When you buy one of these items, you can use it, but others can’t (unless you let them, or they steal it). And, if you don’t pay for them, you’ll be prevented from using them. Note that the distinction “private good” has to do with the rival and excludable characteristics of the good or service, not the actual ownership or use of the item. If you buy a gift for someone – say a new headset – the headset is still considered a private good, because the gift recipient owns the headset (after you give it to them), multiple people cannot use it, and others can be easily excluded from using it. Likewise, if a family purchases a new microwave or TV, the good is still a private good even if multiple household members might make frequent use of it. Out of all the four categories of goods determined by rival and excludable characteristics, private goods are the only ones that markets can typically provide efficiently without much – or any – intervention. The cost of private goods is accounted for by the firms that produce them, and consumers buy private goods up to the point where the marginal benefit is equal to the marginal cost. This results in a combination of producer and consumer surplus that is efficient and maximizes overall welfare. Of course, many things besides characteristics of goods can prevent markets from efficiently providing private goods: monopoly or oligopoly, externalities, government intervention, imperfect information, and…
disambiguating description: There are many different ways that economists classify the different types of goods and services sold in the economy. The characteristics of goods – for instance, whether they are rivalrous or excludable – help economists classify goods into one of four categories. These are club goods, private goods, public goods, and common resources.
date posted: 2023-11-09T15:39:16Z
date modified: 2024-07-15T20:04:49Z
employment type: onsite
language: en
keywords: Private Goods
keywords: Common Resources
keywords: Club Goods
keywords: Sean McClung
keywords: Economics Terms A-Z
keywords: Public Goods
type: terms
disciplines: economics
disciplines: socialscience
disciplines: generaleconomics
discipline labels: Economics
discipline labels: Economics and Social Sciences
discipline labels: General Economics (JEL A)

How (and why) can we embed employability within economics degrees?
type: Article
title: How (and why) can we embed employability within economics degrees?
description: Introduction: The motivation for embedding employability skills Undergraduate economics degrees have traditionally been designed to develop a range of analytical skills, including solving economic problems using simple (mathematical) models, evaluating causal relationships via quantitative analysis of (complex) data sets, and the holistic combination of theory and empirics to communicate results to politicians, decision-makers, and the general public. Many of the skills that we think good economists should develop during their undergraduate studies are valued by employers. For instance, the 2019 employers survey from the Economics Network identified that employers value skills such as abstraction; analysis of economic, business and social issues; presenting quantitative ideas; and communicating economic ideas. However, the survey also shows that economics graduates often enter the workplace with gaps in skills that are sought. For example, while economics graduates are likely to have very high proficiency for analysing quantitative data, other key skills – such as the ability to apply economic concepts to a wider context – are scored poorly by employers of economics graduates. Employers also see gaps within economics degrees, suggesting that courses need to improve training in areas such as communication of economic ideas. Another example: while most economics degrees provide students with opportunities to develop skills using software packages such as Stata and R, employers also highlighted that this was still an area that required improvement. Employers emphasised a need for greater understanding of programming, through languages such as Python. Image credit: Pixabay.com. In addition, throughout their careers, graduates will need to develop new skills and learn to adapt in a rapidly changing world. This has led to an increasing demand for graduates who can demonstrate an awareness of key environmental issues, such as sustainability. Further, students will be expec…
disambiguating description: The higher education (HE) sector is under increasing pressure to embed employability skills within the curriculum to prepare students for the real world and create responsible graduates and citizens. This article reflects on how (and why) we, as educators, can better incorporate highly-demanded employability skills into the economics curriculum.
date posted: 2023-10-26T14:40:54Z
date modified: 2026-07-29T10:41:53Z
employment type: onsite
language: en
keywords: Employer skills
keywords: teaching economics
keywords: employability
keywords: Ashley Lait
keywords: Economics Network
keywords: Steven Proud
keywords: Atisha Ghosh
type: teach
disciplines: economics
disciplines: socialscience
disciplines: generaleconomics
discipline labels: Economics
discipline labels: Economics and Social Sciences
discipline labels: General Economics (JEL A)

Free Rider Problem
type: CreativeWork
title: Free Rider Problem
description: Free riding occurs when individuals lack proper incentives to contribute, or cannot be stopped from benefiting from others’ actions. If you maintain a garden and you live close to a bee farm, you will very likely benefit from extra pollination in your garden as a result of the farm’s bee stock. But, you won’t have to pay for this service, you probably won’t stop the bees from pollinating your garden, and you’re very unlikely to offer to pay for the free pollination you receive. In this scenario, you would be free riding. This is because you’d be enjoying the benefits of a positive externality (pollination) without contributing to the market for beekeeping services. The garden example is fairly innocuous. However, free riding can be an issue in certain situations, particularly with public property or common resources. In other words, contributing to a public good can often leave incentives to free ride. For example, consider a shared apartment with multiple roommates and a shared kitchen. The kitchen is used by everyone, but nobody “owns” the kitchen; everyone can use it freely. <11an>limit:3;categories:Bachelor's Programs;disciplines:Economics</11an> As many have experienced, over time the kitchen is likely to degrade significantly. In the absence of any interventions, it will become overused, dirty, and under-cleaned. Dishes will probably pile up in the sink. This is another example of free riding. The roommates are all incentivized to provide as little cleaning service as possible, and hope that another roommate will do the work for them, saving them time and effort. In this case, cleaning provides a positive externality, and is being under-provided due to free riding behavior. There are methods to solve the roommate’s kitchen sink problem, and others like it (such as slacking off during a group project, or littering). These include negotiating to create some sort of contract, or building and enforcing social norms. For example, if the roommates agree to a cleanin…
disambiguating description: The free rider problem in economics is a situation where certain individuals benefit from others’ actions for free, and so “free ride” by taking advantage of the situation. This is (usually) fully rational behavior from an economic standpoint. Often, when free riding occurs in a market, it signifies the presence of externalities and means that the good or service is being under-provided or overused. Free riding in economic theory can thus be a symptom of market failure.
date posted: 2023-10-25T14:26:54Z
date modified: 2024-05-17T16:49:08Z
employment type: onsite
language: en
keywords: Free rider problem
keywords: Sean McClung
keywords: free riding
keywords: free ride
keywords: Economics Terms A-Z
type: terms
disciplines: economics
disciplines: socialscience
disciplines: generaleconomics
discipline labels: Economics
discipline labels: Economics and Social Sciences
discipline labels: General Economics (JEL A)

Working in the USA: How to apply for a work visa after graduation
type: Article
title: Working in the USA: How to apply for a work visa after graduation
description: First of all, congratulations! You’re on your way to becoming a full-fledged economist. But, if you want to transition from student to economist in the “land of the free and the home of the brave”, you’ll need to prepare to apply for your US work visa. We’re here to help you begin tackling the process. Read on for information about getting your United States work visa, and our tips for making the entire affair go smoothly. From student to job seeker: the H-1B visa program If you’re not from the US but completed your economics studies in the US, you probably had to get a Type F student visa. The process for attaining this visa is explained in the linked article. The US student visa does not authorize working in the country long-term. Once you complete your studies, you have a 60-day grace period where you’re allowed to remain in the US, and then you must leave the country. But fear not: if you successfully received a Type F visa and studied in the US, you’ll be eligible to apply for a change of status from non-working student to an employed worker. There are two ways to do this: either apply for a non-immigrant H-1B visa that allows working in the US, which is the most common and straightforward method, or apply for an immigrant visa. This latter visa type means you intend to live in the US long-term. However, if you plan to settle in the US long term, it’s entirely possible to apply for the H-1B visa and then later apply for permanent residence. In fact, this is one of the most common methods used by international students who plan to stay in the US after graduating. This method is typically recommended even if you want to live in the US permanently; directly applying for a permanent stay visa is more difficult than receiving an H-1B first. To apply for an H-1B visa, you must find a job in the US. Then, the employer can sponsor your application for the H-1B, which is necessary for your visa application to be processed. Because of the need for an employer sponsor, it…
disambiguating description: So, you’re studying for your economics degree in the United States of America. It's going well, and you’re enjoying life in the USA, so much that you’re thinking about staying longer and looking for a job in the US.
date posted: 2023-10-16T06:01:00Z
date modified: 2026-06-29T14:36:48Z
employment type: onsite
language: en
keywords: usa
keywords: H-1B visa
keywords: US work visa
keywords: Sean McClung
keywords: united states
keywords: work visa
type: advice
disciplines: economics
disciplines: socialscience
disciplines: generaleconomics
discipline labels: Economics
discipline labels: Economics and Social Sciences
discipline labels: General Economics (JEL A)

Studying in the USA: How to apply for a student visa
type: Article
title: Studying in the USA: How to apply for a student visa
description: Applying for the US student visa might seem to be a daunting process, but we’re here to help make sense of it. The process is relatively straightforward, although it has many pieces. Read on to learn about how to apply for the student visa for the USA and our tips for making the application process easier for you. Note that this information is accurate as of the publish date above. Some of these requirements could be changed by the US authorities over time, however. Be sure to double check with the appropriate US government authority. Note that this article only covers studying in the United States; it does not cover work visa requirements for the US. But fear not – we have another article for just that! First step: Entering the US To enter the US, many travelers will need a Type B tourist visa. This is a nonimmigrant visa that allows someone to stay in the US temporarily, but does not allow long-term stay. If a prospective student wishes to travel in the US – perhaps to explore university campuses – before they acquire their student visa and start university, this is the visa to apply for. Details on applying for the Type B visa can be found at the US Department of State’s website. Then, a prospective student with a Type B visa can apply for a Type F visa to allow long-term stay for studies with a proper application supplemented by Form I-539. However, this strategy is not guaranteed and so is not recommended. Rather, it’s more secure to apply for a Type F visa from the get-go – but this requires acceptance to a university program in the US. Some travelers will be able to enter the US without an official visa at all. However, these travelers must still fill out the Electronic System for Travel Authorization form (available here) as part of the US’s Visa Waiver program. As of this writing, the list of eligible nationalities includes 40 countries that can be found here, including most of Europe, Japan, South Korea, New Zealand, Australia, Singapore, and Taiwan. These…
disambiguating description: So you want to study abroad in the United States of America, the largest economy in the world. In keeping with its “melting pot” reputation, the US has been an education destination for many over the years, and is filled with many high-quality, internationally competitive universities. Of course, if you’re an international student, you’ll probably need to get a visa before you can go.
date posted: 2023-10-16T06:00:00Z
date modified: 2026-06-29T14:44:22Z
employment type: onsite
language: en
keywords: usa
keywords: study abroad
keywords: Sean McClung
keywords: united states
keywords: visa application
keywords: us student visa
keywords: student visa
type: advice
disciplines: economics
disciplines: socialscience
disciplines: generaleconomics
discipline labels: Economics
discipline labels: Economics and Social Sciences
discipline labels: General Economics (JEL A)

Public Goods
type: CreativeWork
title: Public Goods
description: Public goods in economics are goods that are both non-excludable and non-rivalrous. These characteristics of public goods mean that if one person uses the good, it does not reduce others’ potential enjoyment of the good, and further that people cannot be prevented from accessing the good. It’s easiest to illustrate the concept by using an example. A lighthouse provides a service that’s considered a public good. Lighthouses help guide ships by providing a signal that land is nearby, and warn against potential dangers in the water. The signal sent by lighthouses cannot be given to some ships but prevented from reaching others – it simply gets emitted. This makes the service non-excludable. Similarly, the signal put out by a lighthouse doesn’t diminish in usefulness as more ships receive it. Thus, a lighthouse’s service is also non-rival. Another example of a public good is the air we breathe. People can’t be stopped from using air, nor does breathing limit someone else’s ability to breathe. Yet more examples of public goods are disease prevention and national defense. Both of these services benefit everyone, and when one person benefits from them, others aren’t prevented from benefitting either. Because they are both non-excludable and non-rival, public goods are often subject to the free rider problem in economics. This problem arises when people can freely access a good or service, and as such are not incentivized to help pay for it or maintain it – in other words, they “free ride”. Free riders benefit from the work of others at no cost to themselves, and they refuse to pay if they have a choice. Because of this behavior, public goods that aren’t naturally occurring (like breathable air) are often provided by a government via taxation, as the private market will almost always under-provide them. In fact, public goods usually have large positive externalities, for instance: national defense makes everyone safer, parks improve neighborhoods (note these can also be cla…
disambiguating description: There are many different ways that economists classify the different types of goods and services sold in the economy. The characteristics of goods – for instance, whether they are rivalrous or excludable – help economists classify goods into one of four categories. These are club goods, private goods, public goods, and common resources.
date posted: 2023-10-18T14:15:09Z
date modified: 2024-07-15T19:54:44Z
employment type: onsite
language: en
keywords: club goods
keywords: private goods
keywords: public goods
keywords: Sean McClung
keywords: common resources
keywords: Economics Terms A-Z
type: terms
disciplines: economics
disciplines: socialscience
disciplines: generaleconomics
discipline labels: Economics
discipline labels: Economics and Social Sciences
discipline labels: General Economics (JEL A)

2023 Nobel Prize in Economics - The Winner
type: Article
title: 2023 Nobel Prize in Economics - The Winner
description: Receiving this prize makes Claudia Goldin only the third woman to win the Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences (following Elinor Ostrom in 2009 and Esther Duflo in 2019), and makes her the first to do so alone, i.e. without sharing the prize with another economist. The research that awarded the prize The research that won Dr. Goldin the Nobel Prize examines the gender pay gap between men and women through the centuries. To start, Dr. Goldin gathered U.S. data across the past 200 years. She analyzed this data to look for trends in employment and earnings for both men and women to study how the gender pay gap evolved – and to explain why it still exists today. Part of the reason for her Prize is that this information can help society to fight the gender pay gap, ensuring that equally qualified men and women are paid the same amount. According to the Royal Swedish Academy’s press release1, Chair of the Committee for the Prize in Economic Sciences Jakob Svensson had this to say about Dr. Goldin’s research: “Understanding women’s role in the labour market is important for society. Thanks to Claudia Goldin’s groundbreaking research we now know much more about the underlying factors and which barriers may need to be addressed in the future.” A few of Dr. Goldin’s findings stand out. First, the participation of women in the workforce has evolved over time in a roughly U-shaped pattern (see Figure 1, which was illustrated by Johan Jarnestad for the Nobel Prize organization). A few centuries ago, before the Industrial Revolution – when society was more agrarian – women participated in the labor force at a rate of almost 60%. During the decades from the late eighteenth century through the start of the twentieth, women’s workforce participation steadily declined as society industrialized. Then, in the early twentieth century, it started to rise again. Dr. Goldin postulates that several factors gave rise to this resurging increase in women’s workforce participation. First, education…
disambiguating description: The famous 2023 Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel, colloquially known as the Nobel Prize in Economics, has been awarded to a Harvard University economist this year: Dr. Claudia Goldin. The prize – worth 11 million Swedish crowns, or about $1 million or roughly €949.000 – was awarded to her by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences “for having advanced our understanding of women’s labour market outcomes…Her research reveals the causes of change, as well as the main sources of the remaining gender gap.”1
date posted: 2023-10-10T13:42:20Z
date modified: 2026-06-25T13:10:00Z
employment type: onsite
language: en
keywords: Gender Wage Gap
keywords: Nobel Prize
keywords: Gender Pay Gap
keywords: Dr. Claudia Goldin
keywords: Sean McClung
keywords: Gender inequality
keywords: Nobel Prize in Economics
keywords: Claudia Goldin
type: blog
disciplines: economichistory
disciplines: economics
disciplines: socialscience
disciplines: labordemographiceconomics
disciplines: generaleconomics
discipline labels: Economic History (JEL N)
discipline labels: Economics
discipline labels: Economics and Social Sciences
discipline labels: Labor and Demographic Economics (JEL J)
discipline labels: General Economics (JEL A)

Common Resources
type: CreativeWork
title: Common Resources
description: Common resources in economics are goods that are rival, but non-excludable. This means that if one person uses the good, it reduces others’ ability to enjoy the good. But, people cannot be prevented from accessing the good. This unique blend of characteristics can cause problems with the usage of common resources. For example, a public park is considered a common resource. Public parks are freely available to anyone who wishes to go to them. But at the same time, if one person goes to the park, it means there’s less space left for others to enjoy. Park area is not infinite; if everyone tried to go at the same time, it would be far too crowded and noisy to be enjoyable. Moreover, because a public park is free and non-excludable, individuals’ incentives to keep the park clean and tidy are very low. It’s quite easy for people to use the park, litter, and go home without cleaning up after themselves, which is often privately optimal (at least from a purely rational standpoint, economically speaking). Over time, this degrades the space. In economics, this situation is known as the free-rider problem. In order to keep the park clean and usable, a government authority or the charity of kind citizens is needed. Some natural resources are also considered common resources. An example is the amount of fish in the ocean. The ocean is a vast resource that every coastal nation in the world can utilize. It holds an abundant (and regenerating), but at any one time finite supply of fish. Crucially, nobody owns the ocean, and while it is very difficult for one nation to prevent another one from fishing (non-excludable), fishing the ocean leaves fewer fish for others to find (rival). Each (coastal) nation tends to maximize their own private utility functions from ocean fishing; they choose to fish at a privately optimal level. On its own, this amount will not deplete the oceans, because the ocean is so large compared to just one country. But, if every nation chooses to fish its own pr…
disambiguating description: There are many different ways that economists classify the different types of goods and services sold in the economy. The characteristics of goods – for instance, whether they are rivalrous or excludable – help economists classify goods into one of four categories. These are club goods, private goods, public goods, and common resources.
date posted: 2023-10-16T14:01:42Z
date modified: 2024-07-15T21:04:09Z
employment type: onsite
language: en
keywords: Sean McClung
keywords: Economics Terms A-Z
keywords: Common resources
type: terms
disciplines: economics
disciplines: socialscience
disciplines: generaleconomics
discipline labels: Economics
discipline labels: Economics and Social Sciences
discipline labels: General Economics (JEL A)

Insights into Central Banking Careers with Dr. Gómez-Pineda
type: Article
title: Insights into Central Banking Careers with Dr. Gómez-Pineda
description: This includes advice about which skills aspiring economists should learn, the differences between research and policy economists, topics that prospective central bankers should focus on in their studies, and more. Any serious student of economics – and indeed, many curious economists – will benefit from hearing Dr. Gómez-Pineda’s advice. Javier G. Gómez Pineda is Senior Economist (Investigador Principal) at Banco de la República (the central bank of Colombia). He also teaches Monetary Economics at Universidad del Rosario in Bogotá. His research interests are in Monetary Economics and International Economics; he is author of the textbook Dinero, banca y mercados emergentes, los países emergentes en la economía global, 2010, Ed. Alfaomega; and he holds a PhD in Economics from the University of Chicago. Are you an economist already working in the field? You, like Dr. Gómez-Pineda, have a chance to assist INOMICS’ economist job market research. Simply fill out our anonymous, 3-5 minute Salary Survey and help us research the state of the economics job market in 2023. Without further ado, read on for the interview! Sean McClung: How did you become an economist – was it always your plan? Javier G. Gómez-Pineda: Choosing a career can be challenging. In the beginning I was not very sure about my career choice, I considered at least two alternatives, but in the end I decided to study economics. I think what ultimately led me to this choice was perhaps the idea that what is important in choosing a career is not how you earn an income, but how you will spend the rest of your life in a way that contributes and serves others. Later, you discover that in order to serve others, you need to know how to be useful, to have a good command of your field, your techniques and your work. At the end of my undergraduate studies, I worked as a research assistant (RA) for Professor Lauchlin Currie. It was he who encouraged me: “if you want to be a good economist, you have to study abroad.” At …
disambiguating description: Dr. Javier G. Gómez-Pineda, our interview guest for the 2023 INOMICS Handbook, graciously agreed to return for a second interview. This time, the INOMICS team prepared some career-related questions for the central banker. With his answers, Dr. Gómez-Pineda shares his wisdom about central banking and economist careers in general with you, our readers.
date posted: 2023-10-09T06:00:00Z
date modified: 2024-07-15T20:50:33Z
employment type: onsite
language: en
keywords: INOMICS Handbook
keywords: Colombia
keywords: central banking
keywords: Javier G. Gomez-Pineda
keywords: Sean McClung
keywords: INOMICS Salary Survey
keywords: industry economist
keywords: policy economist
keywords: central bank
keywords: economist careers
keywords: economics careers
type: advice
disciplines: politics
disciplines: publiceconomicspolicy
disciplines: economics
disciplines: macroeconomicsmonetary
disciplines: socialscience
disciplines: generaleconomics
disciplines: finance
discipline labels: Politics
discipline labels: Public Economics & Economic Policy (JEL H)
discipline labels: Economics
discipline labels: Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics (JEL E)
discipline labels: Economics and Social Sciences
discipline labels: General Economics (JEL A)
discipline labels: Finance

A gentle introduction to LaTeX for economists
type: Article
title: A gentle introduction to LaTeX for economists
description: Enter LaTeX, a typesetting system that’s been developed for researchers of all stripes to write and neatly print properly formatted mathematical formulae. If you’re able to learn and use it, you’ll be able to write important documents such as your economics thesis or a research paper in no time. While LaTeX isn’t the only option economists have to handle this work, it is a commonly used and freely available option. The most common alternatives include Markdown and plug-ins for Adobe InDesign. That’s right – anyone can get started practicing LaTeX for free, using a popular site called Overleaf. Because the basic version of Overleaf is a free and easy to use LaTeX editor (though paid plans are available for more features and integrations), the rest of this article will assume that the reader is using it. This is a skill that’s great to have for your economics coursework and future career, and not terribly difficult to learn, so let’s dive into some LaTeX basics. Before you start: understanding mathematical symbols The first step to learning LaTeX and writing professional-looking economic formulae is understanding what those formulae are and how they are typically written. We’ve already shared an article that describes many of the commonly used symbols in economics. If you find yourself struggling to read some of the strange symbols presented in economic formulae during lectures or in textbooks, the linked Math Symbols article is a great place to start. Once you’re familiar with the symbols typically used in economic formulae, continue reading! Getting started in LaTeX: the preamble The “preamble” in LaTeX is a section found at the beginning of the document. In Overleaf, this will be at the top of the left-hand side Code Editor section. The preamble is written by the author, and contains important code for setting up the document. This is where you’ll install packages and other functions that you’ll need, as well as set document-wide defaults like margin spacing and fo…
disambiguating description: Economists often run into situations where they need to type out mathematical formulae or draw up a graph, especially for research papers. But, anyone who’s attempted to do so knows that math symbols and complicated graphs are very difficult to produce using typical word processor options. So, what’s a humble econometrician to do?
date posted: 2023-10-02T14:14:39Z
date modified: 2026-06-30T06:53:22Z
employment type: onsite
language: en
keywords: econometrics software
keywords: econometrics
keywords: mathematical typesetting
keywords: Sean McClung
keywords: LaTeX
keywords: economics software
type: advice
disciplines: economics
disciplines: socialscience
disciplines: generaleconomics
discipline labels: Economics
discipline labels: Economics and Social Sciences
discipline labels: General Economics (JEL A)

Quantity Surveyor
type: JobPosting
title: Quantity Surveyor
description: Purpose of the job: To manage all commercial aspects of projects, from assisting the tendering process to the settlement of accounts. Seek to minimise costs and enhance value, while still achieving the required standards and quality. Key Objectives Maintain contract documentation e.g. applications for payment, quotations, variations, notifications and ensure such is provided in accordance with the terms and conditions of contracts Monitor and control income and expenditure on contracts e.g. interim/final applications for payment/final accounts/payments for late monies etc. liaising where necessary with the relevant people e.g. clients, Project Managers, senior management etc. Produce relevant monthly reports for the Commercial Manager e.g. cost and value reports, cashflow forecasts, cost to completes, turnover forecasts, WIP reports, risk and opportunity registers, earned value analysis etc. ensuring information is complete and accurate Maintain compliance of contracts in accordance with corporate procedures quietened Main Responsibilities Undertake programme monitoring to ensure identification of delays and entitlement to time Administer effective potential and actual contract change control ensuring timely submission of correct notices and prompt agreement/implementation with client and subcontractors Build positive relationships with subcontractors and ensure subcontracts are properly let. Ensure financial and contractual control of subcontractors accounts in accordance with legislation and corporate procedures Develop proactive and appropriate relationships with both internal and external stakeholders; to provide the appropriate guidance to make good business decisions Work with Project Managers to support the efficient and effective execution of projects ensuring contractual arrangements for cost, quality and delivery are achieved • Ensure all commercial activates are in line with the Commercial Strategy and meet all operational, financial, commercial, legislat…
date posted: 2023-10-26T05:01:07Z
date modified: 2023-10-26T05:01:07Z
start date: 2028-10-26T00:00:00Z
hiring organization: CV-Library
job location: Place
  address: PostalAddress
    address locality: Bolton
    address region: England
    address country: GB
language: en
keywords: senior management
keywords: interrogating
keywords: cv library
keywords: rics
keywords: engineering job
keywords: contract
keywords: project
keywords: subcontractor
keywords: meeting
keywords: corporate procedure
type: job
disciplines: economics
disciplines: socialscience
disciplines: econometricsstatisticsquantitative
discipline labels: Economics
discipline labels: Economics and Social Sciences
discipline labels: Econometrics, Statistics and Quantitative Methods (JEL C)
more info url: https://www.cv-library.co.uk/job/216572371/Quantity-Surveyor

Why So Serious? 10 Hilarious Economics Jokes to Lighten the Mood
type: Article
title: Why So Serious? 10 Hilarious Economics Jokes to Lighten the Mood
description: 1. An Economist's Guessing Game Did you hear about the trained professionals who get paid to guess wrong? They're called economists! With their expertise in analyzing complex systems, economists often find themselves making educated guesses about the future. And let's face it, sometimes their predictions can be quite off the mark. But hey, at least they're trying! As Laurence J. Peter once said, “An economist is an expert who will know tomorrow why the things he predicted yesterday didn't happen today.” 2. The Light Bulb Conundrum How many economists does it take to change a light bulb? None. If the light bulb needed changing, the market would have already done it! After all, many economists prefer a hands-off approach to the economy, believing that market forces will naturally lead to optimal outcomes. In this case, they're taking that approach quite literally! 3. Handling the Gross Domestic Product What do an economist, plumber, and garbage disposal worker have in common? They all handle the gross domestic product! It turns out that the economic concept of GDP has a lot in common with the everyday work of different professions. It reminds us that even the most mundane tasks can have an economic impact. 4. Avoiding Rollercoaster Rides Why did the economist refuse to go on a roller coaster? Because he didn't want to experience any "ups" or "downs"! The economist's preference for stability and avoiding unpredictable or volatile situations is well-known. Perhaps this extends even to a recreational context like going on a roller coaster. 5. Noah, the Economist Which biblical character would have made a great economist? Noah! After all, while everyone's stocks were in liquidation, his were afloat. It shows that even in difficult times, there's always room for a bit of humor. Just ask the biblical Noah, or your friendly neighborhood economist. 6. An Economist’s Career in Fortune Telling Why did the economist take a job as a fortune teller? Because he wanted to specialize…
disambiguating description: Are you feeling overwhelmed by the complexities of economics? Do you need a break from the serious and often confusing world of resource distribution, scarcity, and production? Look no further! We have collected 10 hilarious economics jokes that are sure to bring a smile to your face. So sit back, relax, and get ready to laugh!
date posted: 2023-09-28T05:00:00Z
date modified: 2026-07-01T09:16:46Z
employment type: onsite
language: en
keywords: Sara Taha
keywords: economics jokes
type: blog
disciplines: economics
disciplines: socialscience
disciplines: generaleconomics
discipline labels: Economics
discipline labels: Economics and Social Sciences
discipline labels: General Economics (JEL A)

The Job Outlook for Economists in the US
type: Article
title: The Job Outlook for Economists in the US
description: Are economists in demand? Is it a good idea to pursue a Master’s degree or Ph.D. in economics right now? If you’re pondering questions like these, good news. In today’s world, the answers appear to be “yes”, and “yes”, respectively. This article will examine growth in economics jobs in the US using Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) data together with our own data from the 2022 INOMICS Salary Report. If you would like to anonymously help INOMICS continue to learn about the economics job market, and empower economists to make informed career decisions, we implore you to take 3-5 minutes to answer our anonymous Salary Survey. Job growth for economist roles in the US The US BLS publishes job outlooks for various careers, showing how demand for those jobs is expected to change in the US over time. This data gives a sense of the future growth of economist roles, and can help economics students get an idea of the job opportunities they can expect. Although this article dives into US data, these findings can be thought of as an indicator for other regions with comparable socioeconomic profiles as the US, too. Last updated on September 6, 20231, the BLS reports that the number of positions for economists from 2022 through 2032 is expected to grow at a rate of 6% over the decade. This is roughly twice as fast as the economy-wide average; the BLS states that “The average growth rate for all occupations is 3 percent”. Economist job growth also beats out job growth in other social sciences, which are projected to grow at 5%. The data shows that there are currently about 17,600 economists employed in non-academic roles in the US. 6% job growth means that by 2032, the BLS expects there to be about 18,650 non-academic economists employed in the US (though they also project 1,100 new positions, which would represent a 6.5% increase). Similarly, the BLS estimates that there are 11,640 economics faculty positions in the US as of May 2022. A job growth estimate for economics professors …
disambiguating description: Being (or becoming!) an economist probably seems like a good idea. After all, you’re reading the INOMICS Blog! Beyond reading relevant advice and interesting articles, it can be helpful to have real data to answer questions about the job market for economists.
date posted: 2023-09-26T17:11:40Z
date modified: 2026-07-01T09:30:51Z
employment type: onsite
language: en
keywords: economics jobs
keywords: academic economist
keywords: United States
keywords: economist jobs
keywords: INOMICS Salary Report
keywords: Bureau of Labor Statistics
keywords: Sean McClung
keywords: industry economist
keywords: economist careers
type: blog
disciplines: economics
disciplines: socialscience
disciplines: generaleconomics
discipline labels: Economics
discipline labels: Economics and Social Sciences
discipline labels: General Economics (JEL A)

Scientists rejoice: the UK rejoins the Horizon Europe programme
type: Article
title: Scientists rejoice: the UK rejoins the Horizon Europe programme
description: This general maxim can be applied to the growth of knowledge as well as the trade of physical goods. When researchers are allowed to specialize in their own topic areas and then collaborate with the other researchers around the world, knowledge – and therefore human capital – grows more than it would otherwise. Research and innovation can therefore be thought of similarly to the trade of physical goods; the more that is shared, the merrier. That’s part of why news about an agreement between the UK government and a prominent EU research program have given European and UK-based researchers – including many economists – renewed hope in the future of science. The Horizon Europe program On September 7, 2023, it was announced that the UK is set to rejoin the Horizon Europe research programme, after an agreement between the UK’s Prime Minister Rishi Sunak and European Commission president Ursula von der Leyen. It is expected that the UK will rejoin the programme effective January 1, 2024. The Horizon Europe programme is a framework for collaborating research across borders in the EU (and around the world) that includes researchers from top research institutes, technology companies and universities. The programme presents a framework of societal goals, some shared by member nations, and some (such as the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals) that are not just limited to relevance in the EU. The programme benefits researchers by streamlining complex administrative requirements and allowing access to a wide pool of potential funding; together, this makes it easier for a diverse body of researchers to work together, which lowers the barriers to advancing science. The programme notably features an open science mandate as well, helping to break down artificial barriers to sharing knowledge. According to a fact sheet released by the European Commission, as of 2021 the programme accounted for 17% of global R&D expenses and was at least partially responsible for 25% of the world’s to…
disambiguating description: International cooperation is important for economic growth, because it allows societies to grow more than they could on their own. When countries specialize in the economic areas they are relatively more productive in (utilizing their comparative advantages) and trade with other nations, everyone is made better off.
date posted: 2023-09-13T14:16:46Z
date modified: 2026-07-01T09:34:24Z
employment type: onsite
language: en
keywords: economics research
keywords: Horizon Europe
keywords: Brexit
keywords: Sean McClung
keywords: United Kingdom
type: blog
disciplines: politics
disciplines: economics
disciplines: socialscience
disciplines: generaleconomics
discipline labels: Politics
discipline labels: Economics
discipline labels: Economics and Social Sciences
discipline labels: General Economics (JEL A)

John Maynard Keynes
type: Article
title: John Maynard Keynes
description: John Maynard Keynes was a philosopher and economist who made a massive impact on the field. He is often placed next to luminaries such as Adam Smith and Karl Marx as one of the great founding thinkers in economic theory, and for good reason. Keynes’ ideas formed the basis of Keynesianism, a school of economic thought that was the first to seriously challenge the classical way of thinking. Keynesianism is one of the major disciplines or philosophies of economics, as opposed to the classical, Neoclassical, or monetarist (and etc.) schools of thought. Until Keynes’ new theories, economists had been stuck with classical models of economics that were a great starting point for economic theory, but were ultimately too inflexible and unrealistic. (Eventually, economists who saw value in the classical models gave rise to the Neoclassical school of thought, which has updated and improved classical economic thinking to remedy some of the criticisms thrown at it). Economics was forever changed as a result of this new perspective, giving rise to many new models and theories and cementing Keynes’ place in the history books. <11an>limit:3;categories:Bachelor Programs, Master Programs;disciplines:Economics</11an> The life of Keynes Keynes was born in Cambridge, England, and remained there to study at King’s College in Cambridge. He received his degree in mathematics in 1905. There, he was influenced by the eminent economists Alfred Marshall and Arthur Cecil Pigou, whom he studied under. Keynes bounced around between academic and government employment during his adult life. In 1908, he became a lecturer at King’s College. He left to work for the British government in the India Office, which was tasked with overseeing British rule in India. Here he wrote his first major book, Indian Currency and Finance, in 1913. Later, he returned to the university to teach again until 1915. Keynes left university employment again to work for the British Treasury, where he was the chief representat…
disambiguating description: Students often learn about important figures in economics only briefly and in passing, yet the content taught in economics courses often comes from brilliant economists such as these.
date posted: 2023-09-11T23:04:57Z
date modified: 2026-07-01T09:47:07Z
employment type: onsite
language: en
keywords: Economist Profiles
keywords: Keynesianism
keywords: Sean McClung
keywords: John Maynard Keynes
type: blog
disciplines: economichistory
disciplines: publiceconomicspolicy
disciplines: economics
disciplines: socialscience
disciplines: generaleconomics
disciplines: economicthoughtmethodology
discipline labels: Economic History (JEL N)
discipline labels: Public Economics & Economic Policy (JEL H)
discipline labels: Economics
discipline labels: Economics and Social Sciences
discipline labels: General Economics (JEL A)
discipline labels: Economic Thought & Methodology (JEL B)

How To Find The Right Exchange Program
type: Article
title: How To Find The Right Exchange Program
description: So, how do you find the exchange program that’s the right fit for you? It can be a tough decision and one you should deliberate properly, so read on for INOMICS' best tips to help you find the ideal exchange program tailor-made for you. <11an>limit:3;categories:Bachelor's Programs;disciplines:Economics</11an> Location, Location, Location One of the biggest issues to consider when thinking about an exchange program is – obviously – where you would like to stay. You should consider not only the country that you would like to visit, but also the specific city or region (and even different regions of your home country). Are you a fan of big, bustling cities? Or would you prefer a small town or somewhere in the countryside? Would you like to be in a cosmopolitan place, surrounded by people from all over the world, or would you prefer to be somewhere more homogeneous with a strong shared culture? The area around your university of choice will greatly affect your experience studying there, so be sure you research the region to know what you’re getting yourself into. Naturally, you need to think about language as well. You probably won’t have time to learn a whole new foreign language before your planned semester exchange – unless, of course, you plan it far enough in advance to take language courses one or two years before. This could be a fantastic way for you to solidify those skills and help you get the most out of your degree. But keep in mind that foreign universities may not only offer classes in the local language. For instance, you might be able to study entirely in English during a semester exchange while abroad in France, Brazil, or many other countries. Be sure to explore the options that you have with your current language skills even in other countries – you might be pleasantly surprised with the options. Naturally, if language remains a concern for you, it’s worth considering an exchange program that takes place in a country with the same mother tongue, or ev…
disambiguating description: Exchange programs allow students to study at a different institution as part of their degree. Typically, students will use this opportunity to study abroad at a foreign partner of their home institution, though exchange programs can sometimes take place in the same country. Regardless, these programs are a fantastic way for students to broaden their horizons, take specific courses at another institution, and study abroad without committing to living multiple years in another country.
date posted: 2015-12-29T14:15:33Z
date modified: 2026-06-30T07:06:19Z
language: en
keywords: Exchange
keywords: Master
keywords: master's
keywords: Program
keywords: MA
keywords: study abroad
keywords: Sean McClung
keywords: exchange program
keywords: phd
type: advice
disciplines: education
disciplines: artarthistory
disciplines: theologyreligeousstudies
disciplines: molecularbiology
disciplines: nursing
disciplines: communicationsdesign
disciplines: music
disciplines: agriculturalsciences
disciplines: softwaredevelopment
disciplines: earthscience
disciplines: materialsmetallurgicalengineering
disciplines: chemicalengineering
disciplines: electricalelectronicsengineering
disciplines: immunology
disciplines: internationaleconomics
disciplines: generalengineering
disciplines: biology
disciplines: law
disciplines: environmentalenergyengineering
disciplines: othergenerallinguistics
disciplines: neuroscience
disciplines: history
disciplines: philosophy
disciplines: astronomy
disciplines: humanmedicine
disciplines: engineeringdesign
disciplines: mediastudies
disciplines: dieteticsnutrition
disciplines: pharmacy
disciplines: mechanicalengineering
disciplines: biotech
disciplines: dentistry
disciplines: mathematics
disciplines: culturalstudies
disciplines: civilengineering
disciplines: veterinarymedicine
disciplines: literaturecreativewriting
disciplines: genetics
disciplines: psychology
disciplines: dancetheatrefilmstudies
disciplines: publichealth
disciplines: physics
disciplines: archaeology
disciplines: generaleconomics
disciplines: chemistry
disciplines: engineeringbusiness
disciplines: socialscience
disciplines: business
disciplines: physiotherapy
disciplines: microbiology
disciplines: biomedicine
disciplines: informatics
disciplines: marketing
disciplines: economics
disciplines: management
disciplines: biochemistry
disciplines: cellbiology
disciplines: sociologyanthropology
discipline labels: Education
discipline labels: Art & Art History
discipline labels: Theology & Religeous Studies
discipline labels: Molecular Biology

The INOMICS Questionnaire: Fratzscher vs Wursten
type: Article
title: The INOMICS Questionnaire: Fratzscher vs Wursten
description: Jesse Wursten is a postdoctoral researcher at the Faculty of Economics and Business at KU Leuven in Belgium, and is funded by the Flemish Science Foundation (FWO); he is additionally affiliated with CWED-IRLE and UC Berkeley. Dr. Wursten’s main research focus is on applied labor economics. Other research interests of his include innovation economics and monetary policy. MF: What is your favorite place on earth? Jesse Wursten: Home. MF: Outside of economics, what occupation would you choose if you could be absolutely anything? JW: IT Entrepreneur. There's something exciting about owning your own business that is hard to match in a classic employer-employee relation. In a way, it is the ultimate sign that what you do is relevant to other people, otherwise you wouldn't have any customers. IT has the advantage of having relatively modest entry barriers, as you generally don't need expensive equipment or large teams to get to a first product (you could make a bad mobile app in a day so to speak, which is unheard of for physical products). I also feel like it’s an industry where I have the right skills to succeed: once you've identified a gap in the market, you need to figure out a technical solution (programming), but also interface that solution with the customer, especially if the solution is to show data of some sort. This is exactly what you do during an empirical economics PhD: you gather data and develop code to address an issue and then need to explain your solution as clearly as possible in a paper. So many apps fail at the customer interface aspect. For example, the app of an extremely popular brand of sports electronics produces post-workout graphs that are absolutely useless because a single outlier completely squashes all other data, or because the scales are not multiples of 5 (try interpolating between 13 and 20 on a smartphone screen). MF: What is the virtue you appreciate the most? JW: Honesty. MF: Your all-time favorite figure in economics? JW: Keynes. M…
disambiguating description: Professor Marcel Fratzscher, esteemed macroeconomist and president of the DIW Berlin, once again asks questions about economics and life in general to a peer in the field. This time, he has the pleasure of being joined by postdoctoral researcher Dr. Jesse Wursten, who generously agreed to take the hot seat in this exchange. Thus, the back-and-forth has been dubbed Fratzscher vs. Wursten, as is tradition. What follows is a conversation that offers insight into some of the challenges of balancing family with an economics career, the usefulness of economists when it comes to analyzing policy externalities, and more.
date posted: 2023-09-07T14:07:22Z
date modified: 2026-07-01T09:53:43Z
employment type: onsite
language: en
keywords: INOMICS Questionnaire
keywords: Marcel Fratzscher
keywords: Jesse Wursten
type: blog
disciplines: economics
disciplines: socialscience
disciplines: generaleconomics
disciplines: economicthoughtmethodology
discipline labels: Economics
discipline labels: Economics and Social Sciences
discipline labels: General Economics (JEL A)
discipline labels: Economic Thought & Methodology (JEL B)

Club Goods
type: CreativeWork
title: Club Goods
description: Club goods in economics are a type of good that is excludable, but non-rivalrous. This means that although using a club good doesn’t prevent others from enjoying it, and doesn’t reduce the amount available for others, it is possible to stop people from using the good in the first place. For this reason, club goods might occasionally be referred to as non-rival private goods. A classic example of a club good is membership in an exclusive organization such as a golf club or a gym. In this case, purchasing a membership doesn’t reduce the amount of memberships available for others, nor does using your membership reduce others’ ability to use their memberships. Astute students will notice that more specific parts of the club – for example, the golf course or specific gym equipment – might suffer if too many members try to use it at the same time, since the amount of space is limited. This problem is sometimes referred to as a congestion problem, since realistically there cannot be infinite users of the membership space. However, there could theoretically be infinite members, as the membership itself is not made more scarce when people sign up. So, economists would still classify a gym or golf club membership (and similar types of goods) as club goods. Another example of a club good that doesn’t suffer a congestion problem is a streaming service subscription. When you subscribe to a streaming service, you pay for access to a number of movies, TV shows, etc. Before you can access these goods, you must pay for the service, making the subscription excludable. Utilizing the service does not cause anyone else to enjoy the movies or shows on it less, nor does it cause fewer movies to be available to others, so the streaming service is also non-rival. Finally, using the service doesn’t crowd other people out of enjoying the movie as with a piece of gym equipment, so in this case this club good does not suffer a congestion problem. Good to Know Club goods that are deemed necessar…
disambiguating description: There are many different ways that economists classify the different types of goods and services sold in the economy. The characteristics of goods – for instance, whether they are rivalrous or excludable – help economists classify goods into one of four categories. These are club goods, private goods, public goods, and common resources.
date posted: 2023-09-13T19:20:32Z
date modified: 2024-07-15T21:06:33Z
employment type: onsite
language: en
keywords: Private Goods
keywords: Common Resources
keywords: Club Goods
keywords: Sean McClung
keywords: Economics Terms A-Z
keywords: Public Goods
type: terms
disciplines: economics
disciplines: socialscience
disciplines: generaleconomics
discipline labels: Economics
discipline labels: Economics and Social Sciences
discipline labels: General Economics (JEL A)